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Physics 🔭 > P5 Waves > Flashcards

P5 Waves Flashcards

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1
Q

Waves are…

A

The transfer of energy / information

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2
Q

In a transverse wave the oscillations are…

A

Perpendicular to the direction of energy transfer

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3
Q

Wavelength is:

A

The length of one wave (peak to peak)
Measured in metres

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4
Q

Amplitude is:

A

Maximum displacement of oscillation
(Middle to either top or bottom)

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5
Q

Speed:

A

Distance wave travels in a given time

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6
Q

Oscillate means…

A

To move back and forwards, vibrate

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7
Q

Name two examples of transverse waves

A

Light
Water

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8
Q

In a longitudinal wave oscillations are…

A

Parallel to the direction of the wave

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9
Q

Name two examples of longitudinal waves

A

Sound waves
Earthquakes

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10
Q

Frequency is:

A

The number of oscillations per second

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11
Q

Period is:

A

The time is takes for one oscillation

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12
Q

T = 1/f
What do the letters stand for?

A

Period = 1 / frequency

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13
Q

The speed of sound in air is…

A

330m/s

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14
Q

A sonic boom is…

A

When an object eg an aeroplane goes faster than the speed of sound. The sound waves catch up with earlier sound waves producing a shockwave

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15
Q

How do we hear sounds?

A

Vibrations produce a sound wave wich travels through the medium (eg air) to our ears

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16
Q

Humans can hear frequencies from…

A

20Hz to 20 kHz

17
Q

What is resonance?

A

Every object has a natural frequency. When it vibrates at this frequency, it vibrates with a larger amplitude than any other frequency. This large vibration is called resonance

18
Q

Any sound above ___ can begin to damage your hearing

A

85dB

19
Q

What is the law of reflection?

A

The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection

20
Q

Images in mirrors appear…

A

Upright
The same size
Virtual
Laterally inverted
Equidistant from the mirror

21
Q

What does specular mean?

A

The light is all reflected at the same angle

22
Q

What does diffuse mean?

A

The light is all reflected at different angles

23
Q

Convex lenses are…

A

Thicker in the middle than at the edges

24
Q

Convex lenses cause light rays to…

A

Converge at the focal point

25
Q

Concave lenses are…

A

Thinner in the middle than at the edges

26
Q

Concave lenses cause light rays to…

A

Diverge from each other

27
Q

The primary colours of light are…

A

Red
Green
Blue

28
Q

Filters ____ all colours except the ones they are designed to ____

A

Absorb
Let through

29
Q

What is the equation for wave speed?

A

Wave speed = frequency x wavelength

30
Q

What is the equation for frequency?

A

Frequency = number of oscillations / time taken

31
Q

What is the EM spectrum from low to high frequency?

A

Radio
Microwave
Infrared
Visible
Ultraviolet
X-ray
Gamma

32
Q

Gamma rays carry the ___ energy of all electromagnetic waves

A

Most

33
Q

Gamma rays are used for…

A

Medical imaging and therapy
Astronomy
Sterilisation
Food preservation

34
Q

Why are gamma rays dangerous?

A

They are extremely penetrating and damaging to living tissues + cells

35
Q

X-rays carry the ___ energy of electromagnetic waves

A

Second most

36
Q

Why are x-rays dangerous?

A

Highly ionising - can damage cells

37
Q

What are x-rays used for?

A

Low energy x-rays are used for medical and industrial imaging
High energy x-rays used to treat cancer
Also used for security eg in airports

38
Q

What are the risks of ultraviolet light

A

Can cause skin burns, cancer and cataracts

39
Q

What is ultraviolet used for

A

Medical and forensic photography
Air purification, disinfection and medical therapy
Detecting fake bank notes

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