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Physics > P4 Electric Circuits > Flashcards

P4 Electric Circuits Flashcards

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1
Q

What does the circuit diagram for an open switch look like

A

Two circles with a line that doesn’t connect them

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2
Q

What does the circuit diagram for a thermistor look like

A

A box with a hockey stick through it

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3
Q

What does the circuit diagram for a lamp look like

A

A circle with a cross-hair

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4
Q

What does the circuit diagram for a closed switch look like

A

Two circles with a line that connects them

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5
Q

What does the circuit diagram for a cell look like

A

A long thin and short thick line

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6
Q

What does the circuit diagram for an ammeter look like

A

A circle with an “A”

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7
Q

What does the circuit diagram for a fuse look like

A

A box with the wire running through it

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8
Q

What does the circuit diagram for ground look like

A

Three lines decreasing in size

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9
Q

What does the circuit diagram for a voltmeter look like

A

A circle with a “V”

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10
Q

What does the circuit diagram for a wire look like

A

A line

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11
Q

What does the circuit diagram for a resistor look like

A

A box

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12
Q

What does the circuit diagram for a light-dependant resitor look like

A

A box in a circle with arrows towards it

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13
Q

What does the circuit diagram for a variable resistor look like

A

A box with a diagonal arrow through it

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14
Q

What does the circuit diagram for a diode look like

A

A triangle and perpendicular line in a circle

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15
Q

What does the circuit diagram for a LED look like

A

A triangle and perpendicular line in a circle with arrows pointing away

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16
Q

What does the circuit diagram for a battery look like

A

Two cells (a long thin and short thick line) connected with a dotted line

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17
Q

What is electric current

A

The flow of electrical charges

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18
Q

What is electric current measured in

A

Amperes

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19
Q

How is the flow of charge calculated

A

Flow of charge (Q) = current (I) * time (t)

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20
Q

What is the value of current at every point in a single closed loop

A

The same

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21
Q

What does there need to be for an electrical charge to flow

A

A charge of potential difference

A complete circuit

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22
Q

What is electric charge measured in

A

Coulombs

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23
Q

What is an electrical conductor

A

A material that allows electric current to pass through it

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24
Q

What are examples of electrical conductors

A

All metals

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25
Q

What are electrical insulators

A

Material that doesn’t allow electric current to pass through it

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26
Q

What are examples of electrical insulators

A

Plastic

Glass

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27
Q

How do electrical conductors conduct electricity

A

They have lots of charges that are free to move

In a metal, the charges of the free to move are electrons

The flow of charges creates an electrical current

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28
Q

How do electrical insulators insulate electricity

A

They have no free electrons

No charges are free to move and carry a current

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29
Q

What is potential difference

A

The difference in the amount of energy that charge carriers have between two points in a circuit

Work done / coulomb of charge

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30
Q

What is potential difference measured in

A

Volts

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31
Q

What happens, in terms of energy when a charge passes, through an electrical component

A

Energy is transferred to the electrical component

32
Q

How is potential difference calculated

A

P.D (V) = current (I) current * resistance (R)

P.D (V) = energy (J) / charge (Q)

33
Q

What is a potential difference of one volt is equal to

A

One joule of energy being used by one coulomb of charge

34
Q

What does an ammeter measure

A

The flow of current that passes through it

35
Q

How are ammeters connected in a circuit

A

In series

36
Q

What does a voltmeter measure

A

Potential difference between two points in a circuit

37
Q

How are voltmeters connected in a circuit

A

In parallel

38
Q

What is resistance

A

A measure of how difficult it is for current flow through a component

39
Q

What is resistance measured in

A

Ohms Ω

40
Q

What affects the size of current

A

Resistance inverse (in proportional)

Potential difference (in inverse proportion)

41
Q

How is resistance calculated

A

Resistance (R) = voltage (V) / current (I)

42
Q

How does resistance change, in terms of length of wire

A

The longer the wire, the higher the resistance

43
Q

What does the current- voltage graph for a resistor tell us

A

It obeys Ohm’s law (I=V/R)

The slope is equal to 1/ resistance

The constant slope show that resistance is constant

44
Q

What is a diode

A

A non-ohmic conductor that only allows current to flow through it in one direction

They act as rectifiers, looking alternating current when it changes direction

45
Q

What is a rectifier

A

A component that turns an alternating current to a direct current

46
Q

What is a thermistor

A

A component that changes resistance based on its temperature

As temperature increases, resistance decreases

47
Q

What is a light dependent resistor

A

A component that changes resistance based on light intensity

As light intensity increases, resistance decreases

48
Q

In which direction does charge flow

A

From the energy source through the rest of the circuit and it’s components

49
Q

What do components do with the energy transferred to them by the flow of current

A

Transfers energy into the surroundings

50
Q

How is power calculated

A

Power (P) = current (I) * p.d. (V)

Power (P) = current (I) ^2 * resistance (R)

51
Q

How is total energy transfer calculated

A

Energy (E) = power (P) * time (t)

52
Q

What is an ohmic conductor

A

A conductor that obeys Ohm’s law

53
Q

What is the resistance like in an ohmic conductor

A

At a constant temperature, current ∝ potential difference across the resistor

This means that the resistance remain constant as the current changes

54
Q

What is a series circuit

A

A circuit where all its components are connected on the same line as each other

55
Q

What is current like in a series circuit

A

Current is the same at all points

56
Q

How is total resistance in a series circuit calculated

A

R = R1 + R2 + R3 …

57
Q

How is total potential difference in a series circuit calculated

A

V = V1 + V2 + V3 …

58
Q

In a series circuit, what is the total voltage of energy sources equal to

A

Total potential difference across components

59
Q

What is a parallel circuit

A

A circuit where components are connected on separate branches of wire to the energy source

60
Q

What happens to current in a parallel circuit

A

It is split between the branches of the circuit

61
Q

How is total current through the energy source in a parallel circuit calculated

A

Sum of the current through each of the branches

62
Q

What happens to resistance in a parallel circuit

A

The combined resistance of two resistors in a parallel circuit is less than the resistance of either of the resistors by themselves

63
Q

How is total resistance in a parallel circuit calculated

A

1 / total resistance = 1 / R1 + 1 / R2 + 1 / R3 …

64
Q

What is potential difference like in a parallel-connected components

A

Potential difference across each parallel connected component is the same

65
Q

What is an electric field

A

The area where charged objects are subject to the non-contact force of another charged object

66
Q

What is an ion

A

A charged molecule or atom

67
Q

What is the line of force

A

A line along which free positive charge moves along in an electric field

68
Q

When do objects become charged

A

When they gain or lose electrons

69
Q

What happens when an object loses electrons

A

It becomes positively charged

70
Q

What happens when an object gains electrons

A

It becomes negatively charged

71
Q

How is a spark produced

A

Potential difference causes a rapid transfer of charge

This energy is stored in an electrostatic store and produces of spark

72
Q

What can rubbing two objects together cause

A

It can cause electrons to jump from one object to another

Both objects become charged

73
Q

What are isolated objects

A

Objects with no conducting path to Earth

74
Q

What is static electricity

A

The electric force between objects that have been in charged when electrons transfer from one to another

75
Q

How does an object’s distance from a charged object affect the strength of the electric field

A

The closer the object is to the charged object, the stronger that electric field is

76
Q

How does an object’s charge from a charged object affect the strength of the electric field

A

The higher the charge of the object, the stronger the electric field

Physics (8 decks)

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