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Physics > P3 Energy Resources > Flashcards

P3 Energy Resources Flashcards

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1
Q

How do energy resources generate electricity

A

An energy resource rotates a turbine

This rotates a coil of wire in magnetic field called a generator

This creates an electrical current

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2
Q

How do fossil fuels generate energy

A

Fuels are stores of chemical energy and are burnt to heat a fluid

This creates steam and turns a turbine

This turns a generator that create an electrical current

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3
Q

What are the advantages of fossil fuels

A

Reliable

On-demand electricity

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4
Q

What are the disadvantages of fossil fuels

A

Not renewable

Inefficient

Contributes to global warming

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5
Q

What are the advantages of geothermal energy

A

Renewable

Reliable

Does not produce greenhouse gases

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6
Q

What are the disadvantages of geothermal energy

A

Can only be used where there is volcanic activity close to the surface

Geothermal plants can lead to the instability of the land surrounding it.

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7
Q

What are the advantages of wind power

A

Source of renewable energy

Don’t take up much land space

Relatively low cost

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8
Q

What are the disadvantages of wind power

A

Unreliable

Can be considered ugly

Can cause noise pollution

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9
Q

How do wind turbines create electricity

A

Wind blows and rotates the turbine

This turns the generator and creates electricity

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10
Q

How does hydroelectric power create electricity

A

Water above the grounds is a store of gravitational potential energy

A dam traps the water and allows it to fall, turning a turbine

This turn a generator and creates electricity

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11
Q

What are the advantages of hydroelectric power

A

Renewable

More reliable than wind and solar

Capable of producing lots of energy

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12
Q

What are the disadvantages of hydroelectric power

A

Often change rive paths, moving people from houses and harming wildlife

Affected by drought

The amount of suitable places to build a dam are decreasing

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13
Q

How does tidal energy create electricity

A

Waves and tides are stores of kinetic energy

This rotates a turbine that turns a generator

This creates electricity

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14
Q

What are the advantages of tidal energy

A

Renewable

Does not produce greenhouse gases

Tide are a predictable phenomenon

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15
Q

What are the disadvantages of tidal energy

A

The creation of tidal turbines can damage fragile ecosystems in estuaries

Does not produce electricity continuously

Turbines are built close to the shore, affecting local communities

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16
Q

How does nuclear energy create energy

A

Nuclear energy stores in a atoms’ nuclei is released as kinetic energy

This heats graphite that heat a fluid

This creates steam, rotating a turbine that turns a generator

This creates electricity

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17
Q

What are the advantages of nuclear energy

A

No greenhouse gas emission

Reliable, on-demand electricity

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18
Q

What are the disadvantages of nuclear energy

A

Nuclear waste is radioactive and potentially dangerous is not disposed of properly

Nuclear waste has a very long half-life; it will continue to be dangerous for a very long time

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19
Q

How does solar energy create electricity

A

Electromagnetic waves emitted by the sun, transfers energy to the earth

Solar cells absorbs these waves and create energy without a generator

Some solar cells use heat from the sun to boil water, create steam and rotate a turbine, which turns a generator

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20
Q

What are the advantages of solar energy

A

Renewable

Produces no greenhouse gases

Produces no noise pollution

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21
Q

What are the disadvantages of solar energy

A

Only produces electricity when there is sunlight

High installation cost

Solar cells are not very efficient at converting sunlight into energy

22
Q

How is the sun the original source of energy for hydroelectricity

A

Water is built up behind dams due to rain, produced by the water cycle, which is driven by the sun

23
Q

How is the sun the original source of energy for Solar power

A

The sun emits the electromagnetic radiation that is transferred into electricity

24
Q

How is the sun the original source of energy for wind power

A

Winds are created by differences in air pressure

This is a result of the air being heated unevenly by the sun

25
Q

How is the sun the original source of energy for fossil fuels

A

The decayed flora and fauna that makeup fossil fuels got their energy from the sun

26
Q

How is the sun the original source of energy for wave energy

A

Waves are created by wind

Wind is a result of the sun eating the air unevenly

27
Q

What are renewable energy resources

A

Resources that will never run out

Can be replenished as they’re used

28
Q

What energy resources are are renewable

A 
Solar
Wind
Waves
hydroelectricity
biofuel
tides
geothermal
29
Q

How do renewable energy resources affect the environment

A

Most resources damage the environment

Renewable resources are less harmful than non-renewable resources

30
Q

What are the non-renewable energy resources

A

Resources that will run out one day

31
Q

What energy resources are non-renewable

A

Fossil fuels

Nuclear fuels

32
Q

How are non-renewable energy sources are used in transport

A

Petrol and diesel vehicles use the fossil fuel oil

Some steam trains use coal to produce steam

33
Q

How are renewable energy sources are used in transport

A

Some vehicles are powered by biofuels

34
Q

How are non-renewable energy sources are used in heating

A

Gas and coal are burnt to heat homes

35
Q

How are renewable energy sources are used in heating

A

Geothermal heat pumps heat some homes

Solar water heaters use solar energy

36
Q

What are the two main uses of energy resources

A

Transport

Heating

37
Q

How did electricity use change in the 20th century

A

Electricity use increase as the UK population grew bigger

38
Q

How did electricity use change in the 21st century

A

Electricity use has been decreasing in the UK

Appliances are becoming more efficient

People are becoming more concerned with how much energy that are using

39
Q

Why has the way energy resources are used changed over time

A

Changing cost

Technological advances

Environmental concerns

40
Q

How are power plants changing due to renewable energy

A

Energy providers are building power plants that use renewable resources

41
Q

How are vehicles changing due to renewable energy

A

Vehicle manufacturers are creating electric car and hybrids

42
Q

How is government policy changing due to renewable energy

A

Governments are introducing target for renewable energy use due to public pressure

43
Q

How much renewable energy does the UK hope to provide by 2020

A

15%

44
Q

How does cost limit renewable energy

A

Building renewable power plants is expensive

Renewable options (like hybrid cars and solar panels) are expensive

45
Q

How does reliability limit renewable energy

A

Some renewable energy resources are less reliable than fossil fuels

46
Q

How does politics limit renewable energy

A

Some politician may been less keen on renewable energy resources than others

47
Q

What is a biofuel

A

fuel taken from living or recently living organisms

48
Q

What is a fossil fuel

A

Fuel from long-dead plants and animals

49
Q

Why is biofuel renewable

A

It is a biological source that regrows or is continually produced

It can be used at the same rate that is replaced

50
Q

Why are biofuels carbon neutral

A

In theory, the carbon at the living organism takes in from the atmosphere as carbon dioxide can balance the amount this is released when the biofuel is burnt

51
Q

What is used as fuel in a nuclear power station

A

Uranium

Plutonium

Physics (8 decks)

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