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GCSE:Physics- CGP Revision Guide -END > P4- Atomic Structure > Flashcards

P4- Atomic Structure Flashcards

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1
Q

What is radioactive decay

A

When unstable isotopes tend to decay into other elements and give out radiation as they try to become more stable

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2
Q

What is an alpha particle

A

Is two neutrons and two protons like a helium nucleus

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3
Q

How far does alpha particles travel in air

A

A few centimetres

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4
Q

What would stop alpha particles

A

A sheet of paper

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5
Q

What are beta particles

A

They are fast moving electrons released by the nucleus

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6
Q

What is the mass and charge of beta particles

A

They have no mass and charge of -1

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7
Q

How far can bata particles travel in air

A

A few metres

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8
Q

What can stop bata particles

A

A sheet of aluminium around 5 mm thick

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9
Q

What happens when every beta particle is emitted

A

A neutrons in the nucleus has turned into a proton

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10
Q

What are gamma rays

A

Waves of electromagnetic radiation released by the nucleus

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11
Q

how far can gamma rays travel in air

A

A long distance

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12
Q

What would stop gamma rays

A

By thick sheets of lead and metres of concrete

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13
Q

How do you write a nuclear equation

A

Atom before decay -> atom after decay + Radioactive element

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14
Q

What is half-life

A

Is the time taken for the number of radioactive nuclei in an isotope tohave

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15
Q

What are the risks of using radiation

A

Radiation can enter living cells, this can damage the cell or kill them completely

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16
Q

What is exposure to radiation called

A

Irradiation

17
Q

What are common ways of reducing the effects of irradiation

A

By keeping sources in Lead-lined boxes and standing behind barriers when using them

18
Q

What do you call it when unwanted radioactive atoms goes onto or into an object

A

Contaminated

19
Q

What should you use to touch the sources

A

Gloves and tongs should be used to avoid particles getting stuck to your skin or under your nails

20
Q

What sources are most dangerous outside the body

A

Beta and gamma

21
Q

Why is it that beta and gamma sources are dangerous

A

They can penetrate the body and get to the organs

22
Q

Why are alpha particles less dangerous to the body

A

Because it cannot penetrate the skin and is easily blocked by a small air gap

23
Q

Why are alpha sources the most dangerous inside the body

A

Because they do all the damage in a very localised area so contamination is the major concern when working with alpha sources

GCSE:Physics- CGP Revision Guide -END (7 decks)

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