P4 - Atomic Model Flashcards
What is the basic unit of matter?
Atom
True or False: Atoms can be created or destroyed in chemical reactions.
False
Fill in the blank: The nucleus of an atom contains ______ and ______.
protons, neutrons
What charge do protons carry?
Positive charge
What is the charge of an electron?
Negative charge
How do you calculate the number of neutrons in an atom?
Mass number - Atomic number
What is the atomic number of an element?
The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
Multiple Choice: Which particle is located in the nucleus of an atom? A) Electron B) Proton C) Neutron D) All of the above
B) Proton and C) Neutron
What is an isotope?
Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons
True or False: Electrons have a much larger mass than protons.
False
Fill in the blank: The mass of an atom is primarily concentrated in the ______.
nucleus
What is the relative atomic mass?
The weighted average mass of an atom of an element compared to 1/12th of the mass of carbon-12
What determines the chemical properties of an element?
The number and arrangement of electrons
Multiple Choice: Which of the following particles has no charge? A) Proton B) Electron C) Neutron D) Both B and C
C) Neutron
True or False: The nucleus contains most of the atom’s volume.
False
Fill in the blank: The ______ model describes the atom as having a central nucleus surrounded by electrons.
planetary
What is the maximum number of electrons that can occupy the second shell of an atom?
8 electrons
Multiple Choice: The atomic model proposed by Niels Bohr is known as what? A) Plum Pudding Model B) Quantum Model C) Planetary Model D) Nuclear Model
C) Planetary Model
What does the term ‘ion’ refer to?
An atom or molecule that has a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons
True or False: All isotopes of an element behave identically in chemical reactions.
True
What is the significance of the 1/12th of the mass of carbon-12?
It is the standard used to define the atomic mass unit.
What is radioactivity?
The process by which unstable atomic nuclei lose energy by emitting radiation.
True or False: Alpha particles are negatively charged.
False
What are the three main types of nuclear radiation?
Alpha particles, beta particles, and gamma rays.
Fill in the blank: Alpha particles consist of ____ protons and ____ neutrons.
2, 2
What is the charge of a beta particle?
Negative
True or False: Gamma rays have mass.
False
What is half-life?
The time taken for half of the radioactive nuclei in a sample to decay.
What type of radiation is most penetrating?
Gamma rays
What is the main hazard of alpha radiation?
It is harmful if ingested or inhaled.
What instrument is used to detect radiation?
Geiger-Müller counter
True or False: Beta radiation can be stopped by a sheet of paper.
False
What is a radioactive isotope?
An isotope of an element that has an unstable nucleus and emits radiation.
Multiple choice: Which particle has the highest mass? A) Alpha B) Beta C) Gamma
A) Alpha
What is the effect of radiation on living tissue?
It can cause damage to cells and DNA, potentially leading to cancer.
Fill in the blank: Gamma radiation is primarily associated with ____ energy.
High
What is meant by the term ‘background radiation’?
The low-level radiation that is always present in the environment.
True or False: Half-life varies for different radioactive isotopes.
True
What safety measures can be taken when working with radioactive materials?
Limit exposure time, increase distance, and use shielding.
What is a common use of radioactive isotopes in medicine?
Radiotherapy for cancer treatment.
Multiple choice: Which of the following is NOT a use of radioactivity? A) Smoke detectors B) Carbon dating C) Cooking food
C) Cooking food
What does the term ‘decay’ refer to in radioactivity?
The process of a radioactive nucleus transforming into a different nucleus.
What is the result of alpha decay?
The nucleus loses 2 protons and 2 neutrons, forming a new element.
True or False: Radioactive decay is a random process.
True
What type of radiation is used in smoke detectors?
Alpha particles
Fill in the blank: The unit of radiation dose is the ____.
Sievert
What is the primary source of natural background radiation?
Cosmic rays and radon gas.
What happens during beta decay?
A neutron is converted into a proton and an electron is emitted.
