P300 Flashcards
Warren, C. M., Nieuwenhuis, S., & Donner, T. H. (2015). Perceptual choice boosts network stability: effect of neuromodulation?. Trends in cognitive sciences, 19(7), 362-364.
In an ambivalent perception task (house or face with varying degrees of clarity), high confidence co-occurs with a stable neural state. P300 seems to precede this effect, which might reflect an increase of gain in the cortical signal (increase in output to…? or just a reduction in signal by virtue of further info (processing?) being unnecessary?)
Durstewitz, D., & Seamans, J. K. (2008). The dual-state theory of prefrontal cortex dopamine function with relevance to catechol-o-methyltransferase genotypes and schizophrenia. Biological psychiatry, 64(9), 739-749.
Chicago
With regards to the prefrontal dopamine system, a D1-dominated state seems to result in a higher amount of rigidity with regards to the current brain state (a high energy barrier between different brain states). The functional role of this system could involve focus and the creation of representations which are robust to noise (better working memory), in Schizophrenia might manifest itself as an inability to allow for external information to impinge on a brain state. D2-dominated state is the opposite, exhibiting a low energy barrier between brain states. Appears necessary for certain set switching/cognitive flexibility tasks and can manifest itself in a complete loss of representation fixedness. By virtue of different locations and affinity for D1 and D2 receptors, initial dopamine release results in a D2 regime, increases then lead to a D1 regime, and then further increases go back to a D2 regime, forming an inverted U.
Yu & Dayan Model
NE > ACh/(0.5 + ACh)
ACh levels used to signal expected uncertainty, NE to signal unexpected uncertainty. So this equation determines whether or not expectations should be changed (if it’s not met, stay the course. If it is met, adapt).
