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Physics > P3 - Sustainable Energy > Flashcards

P3 - Sustainable Energy Flashcards

1
Q

Primary energy source

A

An energy source which is used in the form that it is found

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2
Q

Name as many primary energy sources you can:

A
  • Fossil Fuels: coal, oil and gas
  • Nuclear fuel: Uranium, Plutonium etc.
  • Biofuels
  • Wind, Waves and Sunlight
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3
Q

Secondary Energy Sources

A

Energy sources made from primary energy sources for example, electricity

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4
Q

Global warming

A

An increase in the temperature of the earth’s surface

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5
Q

Power

A

The amount of energy transferred in one second

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6
Q

What is the equation for energy transfer?

A

Energy transferred (kWh) = Power (kW) x Time (H)

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7
Q

Current

A

The flow of electricity in a circuit

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8
Q

What is the unit used to measure current?

A

Amperes (A)

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9
Q

What unit is the voltage measured it?

A

Volts (V)

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10
Q

What is the equation for power?

A

Electrical Power (W) = Current (A) x Voltage (V)

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11
Q

What is the equation for current?

A

Current (A) = Power (W) / Voltage (V)

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12
Q

Efficiency

A

The proportion of electricity a component transfers into a useful form

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13
Q

What is the efficiency equation?

A

Efficiency = Energy usefully transferred / Total energy supplied

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14
Q

As a person you can use less electricity by: 4 ways…

A
  • Using high efficiency A-rated appliances
  • Turning off components when they aren’t needed
  • Not boiling more water than is needed
  • Cooking food in a microwave oven
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15
Q

How can we as a nation use less energy? 3 ways…

A

By:
•Using more efficient cars
•Living in houses with better insulation
•Building more efficient power stations and improving the output of old power stations

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16
Q

How can we as humans reduce our impact on the environment?

A

By: recycling resources such as metals, glass and plastics and by generating electricity from renewable sources of energy

17
Q

How is electricity made?

A

When a magnet is moved near a circuit and electrical current starts to flow in the circuit as a result

17
Q

What are the steps used to make electricity in a coal-fire power station?

A
  1. Coal burnt in a furnace
  2. Water heated to produce steam
  3. Jets of steam turn a turbine
  4. Turbine spins the generator
  5. Electricity produced by generator
18
Q

Irradiation

A

When an object is placed in the path of radiation

19
Q

Contamination

A

When an object gets mixed up with radioactive material

20
Q

Why is contamination more dangerous that irradiation?

A
  • It can result in a longer exposure to radiation
  • It is difficult to remove the radioactive material
  • It is difficult to stop the radioactive material from spreading through the environment
21
Q

Renewable energy sources

A

Energy sources which can be used over and over and never run out

22
Q

Name 4 renewable energy sources

A

Hydroelectric, wind turbines, solar power and wave technology

23
Q

What are the advantages of hydroelectric power?

A
  • Produces lots of energy
  • Can be turned on and off quickly
  • Can pump water back behind the dam to store energy
24
Q

Disadvantages of hydroelectric?

A
  • They flood large areas of land
  • Rotting plants in the water create methane gas
  • Expensive
25
Q

Advantages of wind turbines

A
  • Inexpensive

* They require very little maintenance

26
Q

Disadvantages of wind turbines

A
  • The need to be placed in windy conditions

* They can only generate electricity in certain wind conditions

27
Q

The National Grid

A

A network of cables which carries electricity throughout the UK

28
Q

Which energy sources produce large amounts of energy?

A

Fossil fuels, nuclear power, hydroelectric and biofuels

29
Q

Which energy sources do not produce greenhouse gases?

A

Nuclear power, wind, waves, solar and geothermal

30
Q

What are the environmental impacts of using fossil fuels, nuclear power, wind farms and hydroelectric?

A
  • Fossil fuels produce greenhouse gases
  • Nuclear power creates radioactive waste
  • Wind Farms cause noise and visual pollution
  • Hydroelectric dams flood large areas
31
Q

What 6 things should someone consider when choosing an energy source?

A
  • Environmental impact
  • Cost of building and running the power station
  • How much CO2 and other waste in creates
  • Reliability of the energy source
  • Cost of using the energy source
  • Efficiency of transfer of energy to electricity
32
Q

What is the power output of a power station measured in?

A

Millions of watts or megawatts (MW)

33
Q

What’s the output and lifetime of a nuclear or fossil fuel power station?

A

1000MW and a lifetime of 40 years

34
Q

What’s the output and lifetime of a wind farm power station?

A

300MW and a lifetime of about 20 years

35
Q

What’s the output and lifetime of a hydroelectric power station?

A

10,000 MW and a lifetime of about 80 years

36
Q

Why will global demand for electricity probably rise in the future?

A
  • The population will grow (especially in developing countries)
  • Many developing countries want the high-energy lifestyle of industrialised countries

Physics (6 decks)

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