P3 Particles Flashcards
Why are solids the most dense?
They have a large number of particles in a set volume
How do you calculate density?
Mass/ volume (kg/m^3)
What RPA is used to calculate the density of irregular objects?
Eureka can experiment
What is 1ml equal to?
1 cm^3
What happens between melting and boiling?
Kinetic energy increases
What happens during melting?
Bonds are broken between molecules
Does temperature change during melting/ boiling?
No
What happens during condensing and freezing?
Potential energy decreases forming bonds
What is internal energy?
Kinetic energy + potential energy
What happens when an item is heated?
The internal energy increases
What happens when a substance is cooled?
The internal energy decreases
What is specific heat capacity?
The energy required to raise the temperature of one kilogram of a material by one degree Celsius
What does temperature change depend on?
Mass, specific heat capacity, the amount of of heat transferred
What is the standard unit for specific heat capacity?
J/kg degree C
What is the equation for energy change?
Mass x specific heat capacity x change in temperature
What is the equation that links power, energy and time?
Energy = power x time
What is the equation for specific latent heat of fusion (vaporisation)?
Specific latent heat = change in energy/ mass
What is used to overcome intermolecular forces of attraction?
Energy
What is the specific latent heat of fusion?
The energy required to convert 1kg of a substance from a solid to a liquid or from a liquid to a solid without a change in temperature.
What is specific latent heat of vaporisation?
The energy required to convert 1kg of a substance from a liquid to a gas or a gas to a liquid without a change in temperature.
What is the specific latent heat of vaporisation of water?
2,260,000J/kg
What is the specific latent heat of fusion of water?
334,000J/kg
What happens to pressure as volume decreases?
The pressure will increase as there are more collisions per second (a higher frequency of collisions) with the walls of the container. Faster and harder collisions.
What is Boyle’s law?
The higher the pressure, the lower the volume
What is the relationship between pressure and volume?
Pressure is inversely proportional to volume
What happens when work is done on a gas?
Increases the internal energy of the gas and can cause an increase in temperature of the gas
Absolute zero
The temperature at which the pressure of a gas drops to zero.
Boiling point
Temperature at which a pure substance boils or condenses
Changing of state
The changing of matter from one state to another e.g from a solid to a liquid
Chemical changes
A change that results in the formation of new substances
Density
Mass per volume of a substance
Freezing point
The temperature at which a pure substance freezes
Gas pressure
The force on a surface caused by the collisions of gas particles with the surface. Gas pressure acts at right angles to a surface
Internal energy
The energy of the particles of a substance due to their individual motion and positions
kelvin
One kelvin is the same temperature interval as 1 degree Celsius
kelvin temperature scale
A temperature scale that measures temperatures relative to absolute zero
Kinetic theory
A model that explains the properties of different states of matter in terms of the movement of particles.
Latent heat
The energy transferred to or from a substance when it changes state
Melting point
Temperature at which a pure substance melts of freezes
Pascal
Unit of pressure
Physical change
A change in which no new substances are produced
Specific heat capacity
The energy required to raise the temperature of 1kg of a substance by 1 degree C
States of matter
Solid, liquid or gas
Temperature
A measure of how hot something is
Sublimation
When a solid turns directly into a gas without becoming a liquid first
