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Physics > P1 Energy > Flashcards

P1 Energy Flashcards

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1
Q

What is energy?

A

Energy cannot be created nor destroyed - only moved from one store to another.

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2
Q

What are the energy stores?

A

Chemical
Gravitational
Kinetic
Thermal
Elastic
Electrical/ magnetic
Nuclear

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3
Q

When is energy useful?

A

Energy is only useful when concentrated.

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4
Q

What is dissipation?

A

Where energy is transferred to the thermal energy store of the surroundings. This energy is very dilute and hard to make use of.

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5
Q

What is the equation for kinetic energy?

A

Ek = 0.5xmxv^2
0.5 x mass x velocity squared

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6
Q

Where is kinetic energy stored?

A

In moving objects.

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7
Q

Where is elastic energy stored?

A

Elastic energy is stored in stretched or compressed objects.

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8
Q

What is the equation for elastic potential energy?

A

Ee = 0.5xkxe^2
0.5 x spring constant x extension squared

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9
Q

Where is gravitational potential energy stored?

A

In climbing/ falling objects.

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10
Q

What is the equation for gravitational potential energy?

A

Ep = mgh
Mass x gravitational field strength x height

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11
Q

Energy changes template

A

The _ store decreases as _
The _ store increases as _
Thermal energy is transferred to the surroundings due to friction between moving parts/ electrical resistance.

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12
Q

What is the equation for power?

A

Energy/ time

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13
Q

What is the equation for efficiency?

A

Useful power output/ total power input
Useful energy output/ total energy input

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14
Q

What can efficiency not be greater than?

A

100% or 1.00

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15
Q

What is a closed system?

A

Energy cannot leave or enter the system. Total energy in the system stays the same.

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16
Q

What are ways to reduce unwanted dissipation?

A

Lubrication of moving parts using oil
Low resistance wiring
Stream lining reduces air resistance
Insulation in buildings

17
Q

How do you reduce unwanted dissipation in houses?

A

Cavity wall insulation (foam)
Loft insulation (fibre glass)
Draft excluder
Double or triple glazed windows
Carpets and underlay
Foil behind radiators

18
Q

What is work done?

A

Energy transferred by a force

19
Q

What is the equation for work done?

A

Force x distance

20
Q

What happens when a falling object hits the ground without bouncing back?

A

It’s kinetic energy store decreases. Some or all of its energy is transferred to the thermal energy store of the surroundings.

21
Q

What eventually happens to all wasted energy?

A

It is transferred to heat and dissipated to the surroundings.

22
Q

What is nuclear energy?

A

Energy when it is stored inside atoms.

23
Q

What is chemical energy?

A

Energy when it is stored in chemical substances such as food, fuel or batteries.

24
Q

What is energy?

A

Something that is needed to make things happen or change.

Physics (17 decks)

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