P3 - Forensics - Key Studies & Theories Flashcards
State the findings of the studies relating to the top down approach
Copson - 82% of US police found top-down approach useful
Alison - Most police rated a bad profile as accurate
Suggests top-down profiles are vague
State the findings of research supporting the bottom up approach
Copson - 75% of UK police found bottom-up approach useful
Explain research behind atavistic form theory
Lombroso - Wrote ‘The Criminal Man’ and identified traits
Creation of atavistic form theory
State the research relating to the the genetic/neural explanation
Brunner - All males in one family were violent and had MAOA-L variant
Raine (twin study) - MZ twins had 52% conviction concordance, vs. 21% DZ
Raine (neural) - Low prefrontal cortex activity and amygdala asymmetry in offenders
Caspi - Boys needed both MAOA-L variant and mistreatment to become violent
Explain research relating to Eysenck’s theory
Dunlop - Extraversion & psychoticism good predictors of delinquency
Van Dam - Very few offenders had all 3 personality traits
Explain research relating to the Cognitive Explanation
Dodge - Aggressive children showed hostile attribution bias
Kenedy & Grubin - Only 1/3 of sex offenders believed they had caused harm
Palmer & Hollins - Offenders scored lower on moral reasoning than non-offenders
Explain research supporting differential association
Osborne & West - 40% chance of conviction in sons of criminals, compared to 18% of non-criminals
Explain research relating to custodial sentencing
Zimbardo - Found that prisoner participants identified by their number
Supports deindividuation effects
Explain research relating to Token Economy
Hobbs & Holt - Boys who had token economy had 27% increase in social behaviours
Moyes - Recipients of token economy had similar recidivism rates
Explain research supporting anger managment
Taylor & Novaco - Found a 75% success rate in anger reduction
McGuire - Prisoners given anger management less likely to reoffend compared to those on parole
Explain research supporting restorative justice
Sherman & Strang - Recidivism rates of 11% in restorative justice recipients compared to 37% in prisoners