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Physics > P3 Energy resources > Flashcards

P3 Energy resources Flashcards

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1
Q

What does non-renewable resource mean

A

that the energy resource will run out one day

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2
Q

What does renewable resource mean

A

that the energy resource will never run out

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3
Q

What are fossil fuels

A

natural resources that form underground over millions of years

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4
Q

what are the three main fossil fuels

A

coal
oil
natural gas

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5
Q

what can you assume about a resource if it is non-renewable

A
  • it will all ‘run out’ one day
  • it damages the environment
  • it is reliable
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6
Q

what can you assume about a resource if it is renewable

A
  • it will never run out
  • it will not damage the environment excessively
  • it is unreliable
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7
Q

what are the non-renewable resources

A
  • nuclear fuel
  • coal
  • oil
  • natural gas
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8
Q

what are the renewable resources

A
  • solar
  • wind
  • hydroelectricity
  • biofuel
  • tidal
  • geothermal
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9
Q

how can non-renewable energy resources be used for transport

A
  • petrol and diesel powered vehicles ~ oil
  • coal in steam trains ~ coal
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10
Q

how can renewable energy resources be used for transport

A
  • vehicles ~ biofuel
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11
Q

how can non-renewable energy resources be used for heating

A
  • heating homes ~ natural gas
  • fireplaces ~ coal
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12
Q

how can renewable energy resources be used for heating

A
  • heat buildings ~ geothermal & solar
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13
Q

what is the national grid

A

a giant web of wires that covers the whole of Britain, distributing electricity from power stations to homes everywhere

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14
Q

Why do we not use renewable resources more than non-renewable if they don’t harm the environment as much

A

because they don’t generate as much energy

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15
Q

how does coal, oil and natural gas generate electricity

A
  • either coal, oil or natural gas is burnt
  • steam is produced
  • steam rotates turbine, connected to the generated
  • generator rotates producing electricity
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16
Q

what are the advantages of coal

A
  • cheap
  • good transport links
  • built anywhere
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17
Q

what are the advantages of oil

A
  • easy to transport
  • built anywhere
  • produces large amounts of electricity
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18
Q

what are the advantages of natural gas

A
  • easy to transport
  • produces large amounts of electricity
  • built anywhere
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19
Q

what are the disadvantages of coal

A
  • produces CO2
  • produces sulphur dioxide
  • non-renewable
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20
Q

what are the disadvantages of oil

A
  • produces CO2
  • produces sulphur dioxide
  • non-renewable
21
Q

what are the disadvantages of natural gas

A
  • produces CO2
  • non-renewable
  • expensive
22
Q

how does nuclear power stations generate electricity

A
  • nuclear fission heats water
  • water produces steam
  • steam rotates turbines
  • turbines rotate generator
23
Q

what are the advantages of nuclear energy

A
  • uranium is cheap
  • no CO2
  • produces a lot of electricity
24
Q

what are the disadvantages of nuclear energy

A
  • safety concerns
  • non-renewable
25
Q

how does biomass generate electricity

A
  • biomass burnt directly in boilers
  • steam is produced
  • steam turn turbine
  • turbine turns generator
26
Q

what are the advantages of biomass energy

A
  • renewable
  • neutral carbon emissions
27
Q

what are the disadvantages of biomass energy

A
  • expensive
  • need to be built near a large supply of biomass
28
Q

how does solar energy generate electricity

A

solar cells generate electric currents directly from sunlight

29
Q

what are the advantages of solar energy

A
  • renewable
  • no CO2
  • free operating
30
Q

what are the disadvantages of solar energy

A
  • needs light
  • doesn’t work at night
31
Q

how does wind power generate electricity

A
  • air flows around the blades
  • Low pressure created
  • low pressure turn the blades
  • blades turns the generator
32
Q

what are the advantages of wind power

A
  • no CO2 produced
  • renewable
  • land occupied can still be used
33
Q

What are the disadvantages of wind power

A
  • unreliable ~ can’t control the wind
  • Have to be built in high grounds
34
Q

how does hydroelectric power generate electricity

A
  • flowing water spins a turbine
  • turbine spins a generator
  • generator produces electricity
35
Q

what are the advantages of hydroelectric power

A
  • no CO2 produces
  • sustainable
  • low operating costs
36
Q

what are the disadvantages of hydroelectric power

A
  • very expensive to build
  • land floods
37
Q

how does tidal power generate electricity

A
  • trapped water releases through turbines
  • energy is extracted when the water flows
38
Q

what are the advantages of tidal power

A
  • tides are predictable
  • no CO2
  • renewable
39
Q

what are the disadvantages of tidal power

A
  • needs tide to be flowing
  • expensive to build
40
Q

what appliances are solar cells best for

A

calculators and watches

41
Q

In tidal power were is the water kept

A

barrages

42
Q

what are bio-fuels made from

A

plants and waste

43
Q

What releases sulfur dioxide

A

burning coal and oil

44
Q

what does burning sulfur dioxide cause

A

acid rain

45
Q

What problems do oil spillages cause

A

it affects mammals and birds that live in and around the sea

46
Q

what are we currently still dependant on for electricity

A

fossil fuels

47
Q

What can decrease the use of energy

A
  • making appliances more efficient
  • being more careful with how much we use
48
Q

What is the use of renewable energy limited by

A

reliability
money
politics

Physics (12 decks)

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