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Science > P3 > Flashcards

P3 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a biofuel

A

Any fuel from living or recently living materials, such as animal waste

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2
Q

Carbon neutral

A

A biofuel from a living organism that takes in as much CO2 from the atmosphere as it releases when the fuel is burned

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3
Q

Geothermal energy

A

Energy released by radioactive substances deep within the earth

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4
Q

National grid

A

The network of cables and Transformers used to transfer electricity from power stations to consumers (i.e, homes, shops, offices, factories etc)

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5
Q

Nuclear fuel

A

Substance used nuclear reactors that releases energy due to nuclear fission

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6
Q

Nucleus

A

Tiny positively charged object composed of protons and neutrons at the centre of every atom

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7
Q

Reactor core

A

The thick steel vessel used to contain fuel rods, Control rods and the moderator in a nuclear fission reactor

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8
Q

Renewable energy

A

Energy from natural sources that is always being replenished so it never runs out

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9
Q

What is a non-renewable energy source

A

Nonrenewable energy resources take millions of years to form and will eventually run out as there is a finite supply earth

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10
Q

What is a renewable energy resource

A

Renewable energy resources will not run out and will be around for millions of years

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11
Q

What is meant by a fuel

A

If you are something that releases energy when burned via combustion or nuclear fission

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12
Q

Give three examples of fossil fuels

A

Coal, oil, natural gas

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13
Q

Give five examples of biofuels

A

Wood, ethanol, methane, animal waste, sugar cane

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14
Q

How do you access energy from fuels

A

Energy stores access through combustion ( burning in the presence of oxygen ) or through nuclear fission in nuclear reactors

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15
Q

How does a wind turbine work

A

Wind over the blades forces the turbine to turn and therefore the generator, producing electricity

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16
Q

Advantages of wind turbines

A 
Wind is free
No pollutants produced 
Some will think they add to a landscape 
Can be used in remote locations 
Land beneath wind turbine can still be used ( i.e for farming )
17
Q

Disadvantages of wind turbines

A 
Unreliable ( wind speed varies )
No wind, electricity 
Noisy
Some people dislike how they look
Huge wind farms would be required to provide a town with sufficient electricity
18
Q

How does hydroelectric power work

A

1.Water is held behind a dam storing and gravitational potential energy
2.Water runs through pipes ( gravitational potential to kinetic energy )
passing through a turbine
3. Turbine connected to generator, producing electricity

19
Q

Advantages of hydroelectric power

A
  1. Reliable constant rate of electric generation
  2. No pollution
  3. Water can be saved for use when electricity demand is high
  4. Dams are designed to last for many decades
  5. The lake can serve as a tourist attraction
20
Q

Disadvantages of hydroelectric power

A
  1. Very expensive to build
  2. Must operate for decades before profitable
  3. Flooding of large areas required
  4. People sometimes must leave their homes for land to be flooded
  5. Natural habitats destroyed
21
Q

How does tidal power work

A

Water from the high tide is trapped between a barrage and is then released through turbines, turning them which turns the generator to generate electricity

22
Q

How does wave power work

A

A wave generator use wave motion to make a generator move up and down, this turns the generator to generate electricity which is transferred to the shore via a cable

23
Q

Advantages of tidal and wave power

A
  1. No pollution
  2. Free energy resource
  3. Can predict the tides
  4. Infinite resource
  5. Low maintenance cost
24
Q

Disadvantages of tidal and wave power

A
  1. Cost of set up is high
  2. Generation is from short period at tide peaks
  3. Are you ideal locations along the coast lines
  4. Can disrupt sea life
  5. Must withstand harsh storms
25
Q

Advantages of renewable energy

A
  1. Zero fuel costs
  2. Sustainable
  3. No pollution ( clean, green)
  4. Hydro can meet sudden demand
  5. Solar good for remote locations
  6. Many require little maintenance to keep running
  7. Many technology is improving to produce more electricity and becoming less expensive, so fuel costs will go down rather than up
26
Q

Disadvantages of renewable energy

A
  1. Unreliable (except for hydro )
  2. Initially expensive, payback time
  3. Tidal and hydro destroy habitats
  4. Wind, noise pollution and eyesores
27
Q

Carbon neutral

A

A biofuel from a living organism that takes in as much Co2 as it releases when it is burned

28
Q

What are fossil fuels, examples, advantages, disadvantages

A

A fossil fuel is an energy resource that take millions of years to form and will eventually run out. e.g (crude oil, coal and natural gas.)

Advantages of them: include that they are affordable and have high energy density.

Disadvantages of them: they realise high amounts of CO2 when burned and they will eventually run out.

29
Q

What are biofuels, examples, advatages, disadvantages

A

Biofuels are fuels taken from living or recently living organisms e.g methane from animal waste and ethanol.

Advantages of them: include that they are carbon neutral and renewable resources

Disadvantages of them: they are expensive to be produced into energy

30
Q

How are fossil fuels formed

A

Fossil fuels are when millions of years ago animals and plants died and their body’s sank to the bottom of oceans and rivers.

Their remains where covered by many layers of sand clay and mud which became sedimentary rock.

As more rock covered them the pressure and temperature increased.

The remains where then heated which changed them into crude oil, coal and natural gas.

Large drills are often used to extract these resources.

31
Q

What us wind power, how does it work, advantages, disadvantages

A

Wind power is power that comes from wind turbines. The force of the wind spins the turbines blades around which are connected to a generator, which then generates electricity from the kinetic energy of the spinning turbine blade.

Advantages of this: it uses renewable resources

Disadvantages of this: in oder to be deployed in the most effective places they often have to travel for miles and they are very expensive per machine

32
Q

Disadvantages of renewable energy

A
  1. Unreliable (except for hydro )
  2. Initially expensive, payback time
  3. Tidal and hydro destroy habitats
  4. Wind, noise pollution and eyesores
33
Q

What is a non renewable enrrgy source

A

Nonrenewable energy resources take millions of years to form and will eventually run out as there is a finite supply earth

34
Q

What is solar power

A

Solar power is power that comes from solar panels. Solar panels have cold water pumped in then the heat from the sun reflecting of many mirrors heats it up as it leaves the solar panel. The hot water then enters a generator were it becomes electricity

35
Q

Advantages of solar power

A

It is sustainable and renewable energy and they do not produce any noise.

36
Q

Disadvantages of solar power

A

Solar panels are very expensive and it is dependent of clear weather

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