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Physics > P3 > Flashcards

P3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Name some passive safety features of cars ? And what is passive safety ?

A
  • air bags
  • seat belts
  • crumple zone

Passive safety features keep passengers safe in the vehicle

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2
Q

Name some active safety features ? What is active safety ?

A
  • power assisted steering
  • ABS
  • traction control

Active safety features are the way you interact with the vehicle

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3
Q

What is ABS ?

A

Anti-lock breaking system , keeps control of the cars steering and breaking and with ordinary breaks the wheels lock into place but with ABS the wheels don’t and this prevents skidding

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4
Q

How do you calculate kinetic energy?

A

1/2 X mass X velocity squared (speed )

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5
Q

How do seat belts work ?

A

They slow down the forward motion of the person in a crash , the material stretches and absorbs the energy

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6
Q

How do crumple zones work ?

A

Energy from KE goes into crumpling the front of the car , the energy goes into changing the shape of the object

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7
Q

Name some advantages and disadvantages of electric cars ?

A

Advantages - cheaper running costs, no road tax , lower co2 produced , quieter

Disadvantages- limited by range and speed , very small , need access to a recharge point , more expensive to buy , long charging hours

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8
Q

How do you calculate speed , distance or time ?

A 
Speed = distance/ time 
Time = distance/speed 
Distance = speed X time
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9
Q

What happens when you increase your speed ?

A

You can increase the distance travelled in the same amount of time .

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10
Q

How do you calculate force ?

A

Mass X acceleration

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11
Q

How do you calculate stopping distance ?

A

Thinking distance + breaking distance

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12
Q

What happens if there is an unbalanced force on an object ?

A

The object will accelerate in the direction of the force

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13
Q

What affects your breaking distance ?

A

How fast your traveling
Heavy load of vehicle
How good your brakes are
Road grip - surface-weather-tyres

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14
Q

What effects stopping distance ?

A

Tiredness , drugs , alcohol, distractions

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15
Q

What is friction ?

A

Friction slows an object down , it acts in the direction that opposes movement . To move an object needs a driving force to overcome the friction

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16
Q

What is terminal speed ?

A

It is the maximum speed an object reaches . This happens when the forces are balanced and the object can’t accelerate anymore

17
Q

What does terminal speed depend on ?

A

It depends on it’s drag , the grater the drag the lower the terminal speed of the object , the drag depends on the shape and area of the object

18
Q

How do you calculate GPE ?

A

Mass X gravitational field strength X height

19
Q

What is GPE ?

A

The energy something has because of its height above the earth , it is its stored enters

20
Q

How do roller coasters work in terms of forces applied ?

A

At the top of the ride it has maximum GPE , as it goes down it is speeding up , when it reaches the bottom it has minimum GPE ,and maximum KE .

21
Q

What is the equation for : kinetic energy = gravitational potential energy lost

A

1/2 X mass X velocity squared = mass X gravitational field strength X height

22
Q

What effects fuel consumption?

A

The side of the engine
How the car is driven ( faster acceleration , frequent breaking will increase fuel consumption )
The mass of the car

23
Q

If the speed of an object doubles what happens to the kinetic energy of the object ?

A

Kinetic energy is quadrupled

24
Q

How do cars , lorries , and skiers reduce forces on them ?

A

Cars- wedge shape to reduce air resistance an increase speed

Lorries - deflectors to reduce air resistance and fuel consumption

Skiers - wax their skin to reduce friction and increase speed

25
Q

What happens in terms of forces when a sky diver jumps out of a plane ?

A
  • the diver accelerates due to force of gravity
  • upwards air resistance force increases , air resistance is less than weight so the diver continues to accelerate
  • terminal speed is reached when air resistance is equal to weight
  • then the air resistance increases when parachute opens so diver slows down .
26
Q

What is terminal speed ?

A

When the force of acceleration and the force of resistance are equal the object can’t accelerate any more so the maximum speed is reached (terminal speed )

27
Q

What is Newton’s second law of motion ?

A

If there is an unbalanced force the object will accelerate in the direction of the force . The size of the acceleration is calculated by F=ma

Physics (5 decks)

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