P3 Flashcards
Give 4 properties of solids.
- have a fixed regular arrangement
- all particles are touching
- vibrate in a fixed position
- have string intermolecular forces of attraction
Give 3 properties of liquids.
- have a random structure
- all particles are touching
- the particles can move
Give 3 properties of gases>
- have a random structure
- the particles do not touch
- have weak inter- molecular forces of attraction
what forces of attraction is in a solid?
strong intermolecular forces of attraction
what forces of attraction is in a liquid?
what forces of attraction are in a gas?
weak intermolecular forces of attraction
do solid have a high or low density? why?
high density
- because the particles are arranged close together
can solids flow? why?
no because the particles are in a fixed position
are solids compressible or incompressable why?
incompressable - because the particles are touching and there are no gaps in between
do liquids have a high or low density? why?
high density
- because the particles are arranged close together
can liquids flow? why?
yes - because they have a weaker intermolecular force of attraction so their particles can move
are liquids compressible or incompressible? why?
incompressible - because the particles are touching so little gaps in between
do gases have a high or low density?
low density - because the particles are spaced out and occupy a large volume
can gases flow?
yes - because they have weak intermolecular forces of attraction
what are 4 limitations of the particle model?
- doesn’t show the motion of the particles
- the model is 2D but states of matter are 3D
- drawn as spheres but that’s not how they actually look
- doesn’t show the forces of attraction between the particles
what is the definition of denisty?
the mass per unit volume
what sate of matter is the most dense?
solids
what is the definition of resolution?
the smallest change in a quantity that will result in the change in the measurement being taken
what is the definition of uncertainty?
a measurement of the range of which the true value will lie
what is the definition of temperature?
the average kinetic energy of the molecules/ atoms
what is the definition of thermal energy?
the total energy of an object due to the kinetic energy of the atoms or molecules
what does thermal energy depend on?
the mass of the object
what internal energy?
the sum of the kinetic energy and potential energy
what does potential energy depend on?
due to their intermolecular forces of attraction acting on the particles
All objects above absolute zero have…
thermal energy as particles are moving
The more mass an object has …
the more atoms it has
What happens when you heat a system?
the internal energy increases
what happens to the temperature when a substance changes state?
there is no change in temperature
what happens to the potential energy store when ice melts?
it increases
which states have the most/least internal energy?
solids have the least
gases have the most
what happens when a substance is cooled?
the internal energy decreases
what happens when a substance is heated?
the internal energy increases
what happens to the potential energy when a solid turns to liquid (melting)
potential energy increases
- there are less intermolecular forces of attraction
what happens to the potential energy when a gas turns to liquids (condensation)
the potential energy store decreases
what is specific latent heat?
9check correct definition)
the amount of energy required to change the state of 1kg of a material without changing it’s temperature
what is the specific latent heat of fusion?
the energy required to convert 1 kg of a substance from a solid to a liquid/ or from a liquid to a solid without changing it’s temperature
what is the specific latent heat of vapourisation?
the energy required to convert 1kg of a substance from a liquid to gas ( or a gas to liquid) without changing it’s temperature
what is the definition of pressure?
a force per unit area
what 2 things does pressure depend on?
- the frequency of collisions
- the individual force that each particle in the container collides with
describe the relationship between gas pressure and the temperature
gas pressure is directly proportional to the temperature
how do gas particles move?
in constant and random motion
what happens when gas particles bump into each other?
they collide and bounce of each other
do each gas particles have their own mass?
yes
are gas particles extremely small?
yes
do gas particles have inter - molecular forces of attraction between them?
no
