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Physics > P1 Energy > Flashcards

P1 Energy Flashcards

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1
Q

Gravitational Potential energy definition

A

energy stored due to the position of an object in gravitational fields

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2
Q

Elastic potential energy

A

energy stored in an object’s elastic energy store when it is stretched or compressed

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3
Q

Kinetic energy

A

energy possessed by an object when it’s moving

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4
Q

Specific heat capacity

A

the energy need to raise the temperature of 1kg of a substance by 1 degree celcius

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5
Q

Efficiency

A

a measure of how good a device is at transferring energy usefully

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6
Q

Elastic potential energy EN

A

energy stored when an object is being stretched or compressed

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7
Q

Magnetic energy store

A

energy stored when repelling poles are pushed together or attracting poles pulled apart
- the energy stored between magnets

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8
Q

nuclear energy store

A

energy stored in the nucleus of an atom

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9
Q

what are the factors affecting the kinetic energy store?

A

mass and speed

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10
Q

what are the factors affecting the GPE store

A

mass and height

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11
Q

what are the factors affecting power?

A

the amount of work done
and the time taken for work to be done

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12
Q

what are the factors affecting SHC

A

change in temperature

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13
Q

what are the factors affecting the elastic potential store?

A

extension and spring constant (stiffness)

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14
Q

How does extension affect the elastic potential store

A

greater extension —> greater elastic potential energy

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15
Q

What is the law of conservation of energy?

A

energy can be transferred, stored or
dissipated but never created or destroyed.

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16
Q

What is a closed system?

A

a group of objects energy can’t leave or enter

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17
Q

what are the 4 energy pathways?

A

radiation, heating, electrical work, mechanical work

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18
Q

what is radiation?
(energy pathway)

A

energy transferred as waves

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19
Q

what is heating?
( energy pathway)

A

temperature difference caused electrically or by chemical reaction

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20
Q

what is electrical work?
( energy pathway)

A

charges moving due to a potential difference

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21
Q

what is mechanical work?
( energy pathway)

A

a force moving an object through a distance

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22
Q

chemical energy store

A

energy stored in chemical bonds such as those between molecules

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23
Q

thermal energy store

A

energy stored within an objects temperature

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24
Q

what is renewable energy?

A

An energy resource that can be replenished whilst
it is being used.

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25
Q

what is non renewable energy?

A

resources that are used faster than they can be replaced

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26
Q

what are examples of renewable energy?

A

wind, solar, biofuels

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27
Q

what are examples of non- renewables

A

coal, natural gas, oil

28
Q

what are fossil fuels

A

non- renewable energy source that are made from decomposing plants and animals

29
Q

what do fossil fuels contains?

A

contain carbon and hydrogen which can be burnt for energy

30
Q

What are 4 advantages of fossil fuels

A
  1. reliable
  2. cheap
  3. easy to store
  4. high energy density
31
Q

what are 2 disadvantages of fossil fuels?

A
  1. non- renewable
  2. contributes to climate change —> releases large amounts of CO2 into atmosphere
32
Q

what is nuclear power?

A

a form of non- renewable energy that is released from the nucleus

33
Q

What are 3 advantages of nuclear power?

A

1.No CO2 emissions
2. very high energy density
3. has large reserves

34
Q

what are 4 disadvantages of nuclear power?

A
  1. risk of terrorism
  2. radioactive waste
  3. high decommissioning cost
  4. huge negative environmental issues if disaster at station
35
Q

what 2 chemicals does nuclear power release?

A

sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxide

36
Q

What are the environmental issues of nuclear power?

A

releases chemicals such as sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxide —> which become pollutants in the air —> and when mixed with water vapour becomes acid rain

37
Q

What does acid rain do? (3)

A
  1. lowers PH of lakes —-> lakes become acidic and aquatic life unable to survive in conditions
  2. causes buildings to erode and anything made of limestone
  3. leaches in way of agricultural lands
38
Q

what are the methods for reducing the effects of nuclear power? (4)

A
  1. reduce consumption
  2. use alternative fuels
  3. cleaning emissions
  4. carbon capture
39
Q

what is hydroelectricity?

A

a renewable source of energy that uses moving water to drive turbines

40
Q

what are 3 advantages of hydroelectricity?

A
  1. reliable —> doesn’t depend on weather systems
  2. 0 emissions —> uses water
  3. controllable for demand
41
Q

what are 2 disadvantages of hydroelectricity?

A
  1. blocks rivers —> floods land upstream –> destroys habitats
    - rots vegetation —> which releasing CO2 and methane
  2. lack of suitable locations (valleys)
42
Q

what is tidal energy?

A

a renewable source of energy that is powered by the natural rise and fall of tides

43
Q

What are 3 advantages of tidal energy?

A
  1. renewable
  2. 0 emissions
  3. reliable —->happens 2x a day successfully
44
Q

what are 3 disadvantages of tidal energy?

A
  1. expensive
  2. has to have certain location
  3. unreliable —> doesn’t provide constant source of power
45
Q

what is wave energy?

A

renewable energy source that uses the movement of waves to generate electricity

46
Q

What are 2 advantages of wave energy?

A
  1. renewable
  2. 0 emissions
47
Q

what are 5 disadvantages of wave energy?

A
  1. only suitable in certain locations
  2. inefficient —> waves tend to die out if no wind
  3. Expensive
  4. Disturbing sea bed and habitats of marine animals
  5. Visual pollution
48
Q

wind power definition?

A

.

49
Q

what are 3 advantages of wind power?

A
  1. renewable
  2. 0 emissions
  3. produces 70 - 85% of electricity on average
50
Q

What are 3 disadvantages of wind power

A
  1. expensive
  2. visual and noise pollution
  3. not always windy
    - low wind speed = less energy
    -windmills designed to stop spinning above certain speeds
51
Q

what is solar energy?

A

renewable energy source that uses the energy transferred to the earth from the sun by light and thermal radiation

52
Q

what are 2 advantages of solar radiation?

A
  1. renewable
  2. 0 emissions
53
Q

what are 2 disadvantages of solar radiation?

A
  1. expensive
  2. only daytime
    - no sun = less energy
54
Q

what is geothermal energy?

A

heat energy from the earth

55
Q

what are 2 advantages of geothermal energy?

A
  1. renewable
  2. 0 emissions
56
Q

what are 2 disadvantages of geothermal energy?

A
  1. specific locations —> sufficient temperatures ( volcanic areas where hot rocks lie near surface)
  2. expensive —> cost of building power plant is high compared to the energy produced
57
Q

what are biofuels?

A

fuels made from plant material

58
Q

what are 3 advantages of biofuels?

A
  1. renewable
  2. reliable constant supply —> bcus crops take shot time to grow
  3. can be replenished whilst being used
59
Q

what are 3 disadvantages of biofuels?

A
  1. contributes to global warming —> burning releases CO2 and methane
  2. land used to grow biofuels can’t be used to grow crops—> reduced space for food crops
  3. large areas of forest have been cleared in order to make room to grow biofuels —-> species lose habitats
60
Q

what can lubricants be used for?

A

to reduce the friction between the object’s surfaces when they move so less energy is dissipated

61
Q

what is the units for gravity in (mgh)

A

N/kg

62
Q

what is the unit for height?

A

metres (m)

63
Q

what is the unit for spring constant?

A

N/m

64
Q

what is the symbol for spring constant?

A

K

65
Q

what is the symbol fir SHC?

A

C

66
Q

what is the units for SHC?

A

J/kg degrees celcius

Physics (8 decks)

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