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physics > P2P10 - Electrical circuits > Flashcards

P2P10 - Electrical circuits Flashcards

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1
Q

What is current?

A

The flow (movement) of electric charges.
The flow of electrons.

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2
Q

What is current measured in?

A

Amperes (A)

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3
Q

How do you calculate electrical current?

A

Current = Charge X Time

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4
Q

Whats an electrical insulator/conductor

A

A material that doesn’t/does allow current to pass through

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5
Q

Whats an example of electrical insulator?

A

PLastic/glass

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6
Q

Whats an example of electrical conductor?

A

Metals

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7
Q

Why can electrical conductors conduct electricity?

A

Because there are delocalised electrons

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8
Q

What is potential difference?

A

The difference in the amount of energy that charge carriers have between two points in a circuit.

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9
Q

What is PD measured in?

A

Volts (V)

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10
Q

How do we measure PD?

A

Using a Voltmeter

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11
Q

What is the PD of one volt?

A

The PD is equal to one Joule of energy being used by one Coulomb of charge when it flows between two points in a circuit.

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12
Q

What does an ammeter measure?

A

The flow of current that runs through it

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13
Q

What is resistance?

A

How difficult it is for current to flow through a component.

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14
Q

What is resistance measured in?

A

Ohms

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15
Q

What is the size of current affected by?

A

The resistance
The potential difference

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16
Q

Whats the equation for resistance?

A

Resistance =
Potential difference / Current

17
Q

What happens if the wire in a circuit is longer?

A

The resistance increases

18
Q

What is Ohms law?

A

Potential difference =
Currrent X resistance

19
Q

How will stretching a wire affect its resistance?

A

Resistance will increase

20
Q

What is a diode?

A

A component that only allows current to flow through it in one direction.

21
Q

What is a Rectifier?

A

A component that turns an alternating current into a direct current.

22
Q

What is a thermistor?

A

A thermistor is a component thats resistance changes with its temperature.

23
Q

What effect will increased light intensity have on an LDR?

A

Decreased resistance

24
Q

In a series circuit, what do resistors do?

A

Oppose the flow of electric current.
Increase resistance

25
Q

What happens to the current when the wires split in a parallel circuit?

A

Splits equally throughout the 2 wire branches

26
Q

What is voltage?

A

A measure of the difference in energy between one part of a circuit and another.

27
Q

What is not split between 2 branches in a parallel circuit?

A

Voltage

28
Q

In a parallel circuit what is the current through the energy source equal to?

A

The sum of the currents in the separate branches.

29
Q

What colour stripes does the earth wire have and whats its potential?

A

Green and yellow
0V

30
Q

What colour is the live wire and whats its potential?

A

Brown
230V

31
Q

What colour is the neutral wire?

A

Blue

32
Q

Whats the potential difference across the mains power supply in the UK?

A

230V

33
Q

What is the National Grid?

A

The network of cables and transformers that connect power stations with houses and shops in the United Kingdom.

34
Q

What are circuit breakers?

A

Special devices that switch off the flow of current if the current is higher than a certain value.

35
Q

What are fuses?

A

Fuses contain a thin wire that melts if the current flowing through an appliance is too high.

36
Q

What is an earth wire?

A

An earth wire is a low resistance wire that connects the metal case to the ground

37
Q

Why is the live wire dangerous?

A
  • Carries alot of electrical energy
  • Might still hold potential difference when turned off
  • High chance of shocking you
38
Q

What is the unit for potential difference?

A

Volts

39
Q

What is measured using Coulombs?

A

Charge

physics (14 decks)

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