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chemistry > P2C23 - Alcohols + Carboxylic acids > Flashcards

P2C23 - Alcohols + Carboxylic acids Flashcards

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1
Q

What the functional group of alcohols?

A

Hydroxyl group (-OH).

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2
Q

What can dehydrated alcohol form?

A

Alkenes

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3
Q

Whats the general formula for alcohols?

A

CnH 2n+1 OH.

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4
Q

What are the alcohols?

A

Butanol
CH3CH2CH2CH2OH

Ethanol
CH3CH2OH

Methanol
CH3OH

Propanol
CH3CH2CH2OH

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5
Q

What is released when alcohols combust?

A

Energy

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6
Q

How can we measure the amount of energy released from alcohol combustion?

A

Measuring the temperature change in water.

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7
Q

What are some considerations to make when carrying out the
energy released in a practical with alcohol?

A

Heat energy is lost to the surroundings, so we use draft insulators to minimise heat loss.
Heat energy is used to heat the glass instead of the water.
Some water can evaporate.

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8
Q

What is produced when alcohols react with air and heat?

A

Carbon dioxide and water

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9
Q

What is produced when alcohols react with sodium?

A

Hydrogen

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10
Q

What is produced when alcohols react with a strong oxidising agent?

A

A carboxylic acid

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11
Q

Whats the word equation for the complete combustion of methanol?

A

Methanol + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water

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12
Q

Whats a carboxylic acid?

A

An organic compound that contains a carboxyl group.

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13
Q

What are the properties of carboxylic acids?

A
  • Partially ionise in water (weak)
  • CnH2n+1COOH.
  • The functional group of carboxylic acids is a carboxyl group (-COOH).
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14
Q

What are the carboxylic acids?

A

Methanoic acid
HCOOH

Ethanoic acid
CH3COOH

Propanoic acid
CH3CH2COOH.

Butanoic acid
CH3CH2CH2COOH.

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15
Q

What happens when carboxylic acids react with water?

A

DIssolve to give solutions with acidic pH

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16
Q

What happens when carboxylic acids react with carbonates?

A

A salt
Carbon dioxide
Water

17
Q

What happens when carboxylic acids react with alcohols?

A

(using an acid catalyst), an ester and water are produced:

E.g. Ethanoic acid + ethanol → ethyl ethanoate + water

18
Q

How can ethanol be oxidised?

A
  • Ethanol reacting w oxygen in air
    (Ethanoic acid produced)
  • Oxidising agent
19
Q

What is fermentation?

A

A common method for producing ethanol.

20
Q

What is the process of fermentation?

A

Adding yeast to a sugar solution.
The resulting reaction yields (produces) :
An aqueous solution of ethanol.
Carbon dioxide.

21
Q

What are the ideal conditions for fermentation?

A

A temperature of 37°C.
A solution that is slightly acidic.
In the absence of oxygen (anaerobic)

22
Q

How do we produce a higher concentration of ethanol?

A

We can fractionally distill the ethanol mixture from fermentation to get the ethanol.

23
Q
A

chemistry (26 decks)

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