P2C17 - Groups in periodic table Flashcards
What are the elements in Group 1 referred to as?
Alkali metals
What are the 3 reactive elements in group 1 in order? (Alkali metals)
Potassium
Sodium
Lithium
What happens if lithium reacts with oxygen?
Burns with a crimson flame
What happens if lithium reacts with water?
Floats on water
Effervesces (bubbles of hydrogen gas)
What happens if Sodium reacts with oxygen?
Burns with a yellow/orange flame
What happens if Sodium reacts with water?
Floats on surface and moves around quickly
Effervesces
Generates enough heat to melt itself
What happens if Potassium reacts with oxygen?
Burns with a lilac flame
What happens if Potassium reacts with water?
Floats on surface and moves around quickly
Bursts into flames and sparks given off
Quick and vigorous
Why is potassium more reactive than sodium and lithium?
More shells,
, so outer electrons are less attracted to the nucleus and further away
, so is able to lose them quicker.
What is formed when a metal reacts with water?
A hydroxide
What is formed when a metal reacts with oxygen? What does the oxygen do to the metal?
An oxide
Turns metal from shiny to dull
What colour of solution is produced when a metal chloride is dissolved in water?
Colourless
Whats formed in Metal + water?
Metal hydroxide + hydrogen
What are elements in Group 7 called?
The halogens
What is a group in the periodic table?
Number of outer shell electrons
What’s formed when halogens share electrons?
A diatomic molecule
What is a diatomic molecule?
Molecules made of pairs of atoms
What is formed when a metal atom transfers its outer electron to a non-metal atom?
Salts
As you go down group 7, do the elements get more or less reactive?
Less
What are the 3 main halogens?
Bromine
Iodine
Chlorine
What are bromines, iodines and chlorines properties at room temperature?
Bromine - Red/brown liquid
Chlorine - Pale green gas
Iodine - Dark grey solid
What’s the test for chlorine?
Put litmus paper in test tube with a gas.
If gas is chlorine, litmus paper will change colour from red to white.
What are the elements in group 0 referred to as?
The noble gases
Are noble gases reactive? Why or why not?
They are inert because they have a complete outer shell meaning they’re stable.
What does inert mean?
Unreactive
Why are noble gases monatomic?
They exist as single atoms (monatomic) as they are inert.
What are the properties of the noble gases? (Group 0)
Low boiling points
Low density
(Both of these increase as you go down due to increasing of the atomic masses)
Whats the formula for a reaction between a halogen and a metal?
Metal + halogen = Metal halide
What’s a metal halide?
Metal halides are ionic compounds that are solid at room temperature.
What’s a hydrogen halide?
Halogens react with hydrogen to form hydrogen halides. They are covalent compounds.
What’s a displacement reaction?
When a reactive substance displaces a less reactive substances from compounds.
What are spectator ions?
The ions that stay the same in a reaction
Example of a displacement reaction between Sodium bromide + Chlorine? What happens?
Sodium Bromide + Chlorine = Sodium chloride + Bromine
2NaBr + Cl2 = 2NaCl + Br2
Sodium (Na) Is the spectator ion.
Bromine is oxidised (Lost e-)
2Br- = Br2 + 2e-
Chlorine is reduced (Gain e-)
Cl2 + 2e- = 2Cl-
