P2.5 - Radioactivity Flashcards
What is the basic structure of an atom?
A central nucleus of neutrons and protons surrounded by energy levels of electrons.
What is the relative mass and charge of a NEUTRON?
1, no charge
What is the relative mass and charge of a PROTON?
1, positive charge
What is the relative mass and charge of an ELECTRON?
Negligible, negative charge.
Why does an atom have an overall charge?
The number of protons is equal to the number of electrons.
How are ions formed?
When particles become charged, by loosing or gaining electrons.
What is a radioactive substance?
One which gives out radiation from the nuclei all the time, no matter what s done to it.
Where does background radiation come from?
Natural sources, such as rocks and cosmic rays from
space, and man-made sources such as the fallout from
nuclear weapons tests and nuclear accidents
What is the structure of an alpha particle?
Two neutrons and two protons.
What is the structure of a beta particle?
An electron from the nucleus and gamma radiation as electromagnetic radiation.
What do nuclear equations show?
Single alpha and beta decay.
