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Physics - Real One > P2.3 Forces In Action > Flashcards

P2.3 Forces In Action Flashcards

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1
Q

How do you change the shape of an object

A

Compression

Tension/stretching

Bending

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2
Q

What is a plastic material

A

A material that becomes deformed when you apply a force and does not return to its original shape when you remove the force

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3
Q

What is an elastic material

A

An object that returns to its original shape when you remove a force

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4
Q

What type of relationship does force and extension have

A

A linear relationship

They are directly proportional

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5
Q

What is a linear relationship

A

One where a straight line passes through (0,0)

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6
Q

What is the Limit of proportionality

A

The point where extension is no longer proportional to force

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7
Q

What is the elastic limits

A

The point beyond which an object does not return to its original shape when the force is removed

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8
Q

What is Hookes Law

A

The extension of a spring is proportional to the force until you reach the limit of proportionality

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9
Q

What is the equation for the force exerted by a spring

A

Force exerted by a spring (N) = spring constant (N/m) ✖️ extension (m)

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10
Q

What is the spring constant

A

It tells you how stiff an object is

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11
Q

How do you calculate the energy transferred in stretching a spring

A

Energy transferred (J) = 0.5 ✖️spring constant (N/m) ✖️ (extension)2

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12
Q

What type of relationship exists between force and extension when you stretch an elastic band?

A

Non linear

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13
Q

What happens to the stiffness when you blow a balloon

A

First the rubber is stiff
Once you start blowing it up it requires less force to produce extension

It then becomes stiffer again

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14
Q

What is a gravitational field?

A

A region where a mass experiences an attractive force

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15
Q

What is the equation for gravity force

A

Gravity force (N) =. Mass (kg) ✖️gravitational field strength (N/kg)

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16
Q

What is gravitational field strength

A

The measure of the force on a 1Kg mass when it is in a gravitational field

17
Q

Does mass change

A

No

18
Q

What is weight

A

The force of the earth on an object

19
Q

How do you calculate weight

A

Weight (N) = mass (kg) ✖️gravitational field strength

20
Q

What is gravitational potential energy

A

The energy transferred to a gravity store when you lift an object in a gravitational field

21
Q

How do you calculate gravitational potential energy

A

Gpe (J) = mass x gravity x height

22
Q

What is a pivot?

A

The point about which forces act to produce turning effects

23
Q

What is a moment

A

The turning effect of a force

24
Q

How do you calculate the moment of a force

A

Moment of a force (Nm) = force x distance

25
Q

What is the principle of moments?

A

An object is balanced if the anti-clockwise moments are equal to the clockwise moments about the pivot

F1D1 = F2D2

26
Q

What is a force multiplier

A

A factor that greatly increases the effectiveness of a force

27
Q

What is a lever and what does it do?

A

An object that won’t bend with a pivot

A force applied at one end produces a force in the opposite direction at the other end

It transmits forces by rotating about a pivot

28
Q

What is the effort

A

The force you apply (to the lever )

29
Q

What is the load?

A

The force that you are trying to move

The force that the lever exerts of the load

30
Q

How do you calculate the mechanical advantage?

A

Load ➗ effort

31
Q

How do gears transmit forces?

A

If you make a small cog rotate with a large force it will make a larger cog rotate.

The bigger cog will exert a bigger force, but will not move as far

You can use gears to change the direction in which the rotating force acts or the speed at which it rotates.

32
Q

How does pressure in a fluid cause a force

A

The pressure in a fluid produces a force at right angles to any surface

33
Q

How do you calculate pressure

A

Force (N) ➗ area (m2)

34
Q

What is a hydraulic machine

A

A machine that uses a liquid to transmit a force

Made of two pistons connected by a pipe. When you push on one piston the pressure is transmitted through the liquid and the other piston moves

Physics - Real One (12 decks)

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