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Pharmocolgy > P22: Anxiolytics > Flashcards

P22: Anxiolytics Flashcards

1
Q

What is anxiety?

A

An unpleasant state of emotional turmoil, often accompanied by nervous behaviours

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2
Q

What is existential anxiety?

A
  • Feelings of angst and nihilism

- ‘Hating everything’

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3
Q

What is social anxiety?

A

Nervousness in social situations

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4
Q

What is somatic anxiety?

A
  • Physical feelings (butterflies)
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5
Q

How long would a person need to experience symptoms of an anxiety disorder to be diagnosed with it?

A

More than 6 months

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6
Q

What cardiovascular conditions are associated with/aggravated by anxiety?

A
  • Angina
  • Arrhythmias
  • Hypertension (high BP)
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7
Q

What gastrointestinal conditions are associated with/aggravated by anxiety?

A
  • Irritable bowel syndrome

- Peptic ulcers

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8
Q

What respiratory conditions are associated with/aggravated by anxiety?

A

Asthma

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9
Q

What endocrine conditions are associated with/aggravated by anxiety?

A
  • Anaemia

- Hypoglycaemia

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10
Q

What neurological conditions are associated with/aggravated by anxiety?

A
  • Migraine
  • Tremor
  • Seizures
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11
Q

What are the 5 main categories of specific phobias?

A
  • Animal (dog)
  • Natural environment (height)
  • Blood/Injection
  • Situational (dark)
  • Other (noises)
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12
Q

What is generalised anxiety disorder?

What part of the brain is affected?

A
  • Excessive, uncontrollable and often irrational worry about daily events or activities
  • Dysfunctional amygdala connectivity
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13
Q

What are the common causes of insomnia?

A
  • Modern society (jet lag, shift work)
  • Age (body clock)
  • Grief (bereavement)
  • Disease (dementia, alcoholism)
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14
Q

How can insomnia be treated?

A
  • Can be treated with hypnotics (sleeping pills)

CAN CAUSE DEMENTIA OR ADDICTION

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15
Q

What is Cognitive Behavioural Therapy?

A

Seeks to help patient develop coping strategies to change unhelpful thoughts and behaviours

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16
Q

How do barbiturates work?

A

Increase GABA signalling in the brain therefore suppressing brain activity

17
Q

What is the major draw backs of barbiturates?

A
  • Narrow therapeutic window - Strong dependence

withdrawal symptoms

18
Q

What barbiturate is used as a hypnotic?

Hypnosis was done to you by Arjan, who is a medic who else do you know is a doctor?

A

Amobarbital

19
Q

What barbiturate is used as an anaesthetic?

How many syllables in anaesthesia

A

Thiopental

20
Q

What barbiturate is used in euthanasia?

How many syllables in euthanasia?

A

Pentobarbital

21
Q

How do benzodiazepines work?

A
  • Bind selectively to GABAA receptors

- Enhance Cl- conductance

22
Q

Benzodiazepine action on α1 GABAA receptors causes what effects? (3)

A
  • Sedative effects
  • Anterograde amnesia (short-term)
  • Anticonvulsant effects
23
Q

Benzodiazepine action on α2 GABAA receptors causes what effects? (2)

A
  • Reduction in anxiety

- Muscle relaxation

24
Q

Which benzodiazepines treat anxiety disorders? (2)

Most common happy drug
An identical copy is also a?

A
  • Diazepam

- Clonazepam (sustained)

25
Q

Which benzodiazepines treat muscle spasms? (1)

A

Diazepam

26
Q

Which benzodiazepines treat insomnia? (2)

A
  • Temazepam (short)

- Diazepam (sustained)

27
Q

Which benzodiazepines treat amnesia? (2)

A
  • Lorazepam (sustained)

- Temazepam (short)

28
Q

Which benzodiazepines treat epilepsy? (3)

A
  • Clonazepam
  • Lorazepam
  • Diazepam
29
Q

What are the side effects of benzodiazepines?

A
  • Over-sedation, poor memory
  • Ataxia, mental confusion
  • Withdrawal syndrome
  • Tolerance and addiction
30
Q

What is Flumazenil?

A
  • Benzodiazepine antagonist
  • Binds to BZD binding site
  • Reverse BDZ overdose
31
Q

What is Buspirone?

A
  • Anxiolytic that interacts solely with the CNS 5-HT pathways
  • Reduces serotonergic cell firing
32
Q

What is propranolol?

A
  • β-Adrenoceptor antagonists

- Prevent excessive sympathetic activation

Pharmocolgy (22 decks)

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