P2-Topic 6- Plant Structures and their functions

Question 1

In a food chain, consumers eat other organisms. What word is used to describe organisms that make their own food?

Answer 1

Producers

Question 2

What process do plants and algae use to make their own food?

Answer 2

Photosynthesis

Question 3

In which sub-cellular part of a plant cell does photosynthesis occur?

Answer 3

Chloroplast

Question 4

What substance from the air do plants need for photosynthesis?

Answer 4

Carbon Dioxide

Question 5

What substance from the ground do plants need for photosynthesis?

Answer 5

Water

Question 6

What organs do plants use to get water from the ground?

Answer 6

Roots

Question 7

How are roots adapted to getting water from the ground quickly?

Answer 7

Large surface area, root hair cells

Question 8

What energy-storing compound is made in photosynthesis?

Answer 8

Glucose

Question 9

Suggest one use for glucose in a plant

Answer 9

Respiration, making other substances

Question 10

In what sub-cellular part of a plant cell does respiration occur?

Answer 10

Mitochondria

Question 11

What product of photosynthesis is a gas at room temperature?

Answer 11

Oxygen

Question 12

Plants photosynthesise. Name one other group of organisms that photosynthesise.

Answer 12

Algae or Cyanobacteria

Question 13

What reactant in photosynthesis is a gas at room temperature?

Answer 13

Carbon dioxide

Question 14

What are all the materials that make up an organism known as?

Answer 14

Biomass

Question 15

In what sub cellular parts of plants does photosynthesis occur?

Answer 15

Chloroplasts

Question 16

Where does all the energy originally come from in most food chains?

Answer 16

The Sun

Question 17

What polymer inside chloroplasts is made from glucose?

Answer 17

Starch

Question 18

Name the main sugar that is transported around most plants

Answer 18

Sucrose

Question 19

How are most leaves adapted to only allow gas exchange during the day?

Answer 19

Stomata

Question 20

What do we mean by the ‘rate’ of photosynthesis?

Answer 20

The speed of the reactions

Question 21

What is a rate of reaction?

Answer 21

How fast a reaction happens

Question 22

What do we call something that prevents a rate of reaction increasing?

Answer 22

Limiting factor

Question 23

If light intensity is a limiting factor, what happens to the rate of photosynthesis when it is increased?

Answer 23

The rate increases

Question 24

When there is plenty of light and plenty of carbon dioxide, suggest one factor that could be limiting

Answer 24

Temperature or water

Question 25

What happens to the rate of photosynthesis as a plant is moved further away from the light source?

Answer 25

It decreases

Question 26

What relationship is shown by a straight line through the points on a scatter graph?

Answer 26

Linear relationship

Question 27

What sort of linear relationship is shown by a straight line through the origin?

Answer 27

Directly proportion

Question 28

By what law does light intensity vary with distance?

Answer 28

Inverse square law

Question 29

What is light intensity inversely proportional to?

Answer 29

Distance squared

Question 30

What happens to plants if they do not get enough water to fill their cells?

Answer 30

They wilt

Question 31

What term is used to describe the amount of a substance in a certain unit volume?

Answer 31

Concentration

Question 32

What term is used to describe the overall movement of particles from higher concentration to lower concentration?

Answer 32

Diffusion

Question 33

What term is used to describe the overall movement of solvent particles from higher concentration to lower concentration through a partially permeable membrane?

Answer 33

Osmosis

Question 34

What is the gradual change in concentration from one place to another called?

Answer 34

Concentration gradient

Question 35

What process do cells use to transport substances against the concentration gradient?

Answer 35

Active transport

Question 36

What adaptation do some root cells have in order to increase the amount of water they can absorb?

Answer 36

Root hairs

Question 37

Why do cells that use active transport often have a lot of mitochondria?

Answer 37

Active transport needs a lot of energy

Question 38

What do plants need nitrate ions for?

Answer 38

Making proteins

Question 39

Through what vessels is water moved up a plant?

Answer 39

Xylem vessels

Question 40

Through what tissue are sugars transported around a plant?

Answer 40

Phloem tissue

Question 41

What is the flow of water through a plant called?

Answer 41

Transpiration

Question 42

In what vessels does water flow?

Answer 42

Xylem vessels

Question 43

In what vessels are mineral ions carried?

Answer 43

Xylem vessels

Question 44

Give one other function of xylem vessels

Answer 44

Supporting the plant

Question 45

What tissue is used for translocation?

Answer 45

Phloem

Question 46

Give the name of the two most common cells in phloem tissue

Answer 46

Sieve tubes and companion cells

Question 47

Why do companion cells contain many mitochondria?

Answer 47

Because they actively pump sucrose in and out of sieve tubes

Question 48

If the humidity of the air around a plant is reduces, what happens to the rate of transpiration?

Answer 48

It increases

Question 49

Which cells create the air spaces inside a leaf?

Answer 49

Spongy cells

Question 50

What term describes trees that loose their leaves in winter?

Answer 50

Deciduous

Question 51

In which tissue of a plant leaf does most photosynthesis occur?

Answer 51

Palisade

Question 52

Which tissue in a plant leaf consists of irregularly shaped cells that create air spaces?

Answer 52

Sponge

Question 53

Give one function of cuticle

Answer 53

To prevent microorganisms entering To prevent water entering To reduce evaporation of water

Question 54

What cells control the opening and closing of stomata?

Answer 54

Guard cells

Question 55

Explain why conifer trees have their stomata in pits...

Answer 55

To trap water vapour and reduce water loss

Question 56

What word described trees that lose their leaves in winter?

Answer 56

Deciduous

Question 57

Why do deciduous trees lose their leaves in winter?

Answer 57

To prevent water loss when water in the ground may not be available because it is frozen

Question 58

Why is it an advantage of a plant root to grow downwards?

Answer 58

To anchor the plant or to reach water

Question 59

Why is it an advantage for a plant shoot to grow towards the light?

Answer 59

To get energy for photosynthesis

Question 60

What is a growth in response to a stimulus called?

Answer 60

Tropism

Question 61

What is a growth in response to the stimulus of light called?

Answer 61

phototropism

Question 62

What is a growth away from light called?

Answer 62

Negative phototropism

Question 63

Name a part of a plant that shows negative phototropism

Answer 63

Roots

Question 64

What plant hormones cause phototropism?

Answer 64

Auxins

Question 65

What effect do auxins have on cells in a plant shoot?

Answer 65

Cause them to elongate

Question 66

What effect do auxins have on cells in a plant root?

Answer 66

Stop them elongating

Question 67

Name the growth response of a root in the direction of gravity

Answer 67

Positive gravitropism

Question 68

Name the group of plant hormones that are used to help seeds germinate

Answer 68

Gibberellins

Question 69

Name the plant hormone that is a gas and is used to ripen fruit

Answer 69

Ethene