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Top 200 > P2 Top 200 #1 > Flashcards

P2 Top 200 #1 Flashcards

1
Q

Acyclovir

A

Zovirax

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2
Q

Acyclovir class

A

Viral DNA Polymerase Inhibitor

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3
Q

Acyclovir FDA indications

A

1.) Genital herpes simplex, adults, initial episode
400mg po tid or 200mg po five times daily.
2.) Genital herpes simplex, adults, recurrent episode
400mg TID for 5 days pr 800mg BID for 5 days or 800mg TID for 2 days
3.) Genital herpes simplex, suppressive therapy, 400mg BID for up to 12 months
4.) Herpes zoster (shingles)- 800mg po 5 times daily for 7-10 days
5.) Varicella (chickenpox)- 800mg QID

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4
Q

Acyclovir MOA

A

Competitively inhibits viral DNA synthesis by inactivation of viral DNA polymerase

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5
Q

Acyclovir contraindications

A

Hypersensitivity to acyclovir or valacyclovir

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6
Q

Acyclovir drug interactions

A

Phenytoin, fosphenytoin, valproic acid- decreased abosprtion and lower plasma concentration of phenytoin or valproic acid
Varicella vaccine, Zoster vaccine- decrease vaccine efficacy due to antagonism

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7
Q

Acyclovir adverse reactions

A

Common-malaise
Less common- N/V, HA, diarrhea
Rare, but serious- severe hypersensitivity, renal failure, TTP

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8
Q

Amoxicillin

A

Amoxil, Moxatag

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9
Q

Amoxicillin class

A

beta-lactam antibiotic

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10
Q

Amoxicillin common FDA indications

A
  1. ) Acute otitis media- 500-875mg po BID
  2. ) Lower respiratory tract infection- 1g po daily for 10 days
  3. ) Pharyngitis, tonsillitis- 775mg po daily x10 days
  4. ) Streptococcal pharyngitis- 1q po daily for 10 days
  5. ) Ear, nose, and throat infection, infection of skin and/or subcutaneous tissue, infection of genitourinary system- 500-875mg po Q 12 h for 10 days
  6. ) Helicobacter pylori GI tract infection- 1 g po BID with PPI
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11
Q

Amoxicillin MOA

A

Semisynthetic penicillin derivative that inhibits the biosynthesis of bacterial cell wall mucopeptide. Typically active against streptococcus, enterococcus, staphylococcus, and enterobacteriaceae

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12
Q

Amoxicillin drug interactions

A

Methotrexate- decreased methotrexate clearance
Venlafaxine- increased risk of serotonin syndrome
Warfarin- increased risk of bleeding
Typhoid and cholera vaccine- decreases vaccine efficacy
Sodium picosulfate- decreases therapeutic effect

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13
Q

Amoxicillin AE

A

Common- Diarrhea, nausea
Less common- skin rash, HA, vomiting
Rare but serious- severe hypersensitivity, renal failure, hepatic failure, pancytopenia

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14
Q

Amoxicillin/ Clavulanate

A

Augmentin

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15
Q

Amoxicillin/ Clavulanate MOA

A

Penicillin derivative that works against streptococcus, enterococcus, staphylococcus, and enterobacteriaceae. Clavulanate protects amoxicillin from degradation by beta lactamases

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16
Q

Amoxicillin/ Clavulanate class

A

beta-lactam antibiotic

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17
Q

Amoxicillin/ Clavulanate FDA indications

A
  1. ) Acute otitis media
  2. ) Community acquired pneumonia
  3. ) Lower resp tract infection
  4. ) Sinusitis
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18
Q

Amoxicillin/ Clavulanate contraindications

A

Penicillin allergy

ER products are contraindicated in patients in dialysis or with severe renal dysfunction

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19
Q

Amoxicillin/Clavulanate drug-drug interactions

A

Methotrexate- decreased methotrexate clearance, avoid.
Venlafaxine- Serotonin syndrome- avoid.
Warfarin- bleeding
Typhoid vaccine, cholera vaccine-decreases vaccine efficacy
Sodium picosulfate- decreases therapeutic effect.

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20
Q

Amoxicillin/ Clavulanate adverse reactions

A

Common- Nausea, diarrhea
Less common- Skin rash, vomiting, mycosis, cadidiasis
Rare, but serious- renal failure, hepatic failure, pancytopenia

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21
Q

Azithromycin

A

Zithromax, Z-Pak

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22
Q

Azithromycin class

A

Macrolide antibiotic

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23
Q

Azithromycin FDA indications

A
  1. ) Acute infective exacerbation of COPD
  2. ) Bacterial sinusitis
  3. ) Chancrois, nongonoccocal cervicitis
  4. ) Community acquired pneumonia
  5. ) Gonorrhea
  6. ) Streptococcal pharyngitis
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24
Q

Azithromycin MOA

A

Azithromycin binds to the 50S ribosomal subunit, thus interfering with microbial protein synthesis

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25
Q

Azithromycin drug interactions

A

Agents that prolong QTc interval and class III antiarrhythmics- Avoid
Statins- increased risk of rhabdo
Digoxin- Increased digoxin toxicity
Ergot alkaloids- contraindicated
nelfinavir- increased azithromycin concentrations
Warfarin- bleeding
Typhoid, cholera vaccine- decreased vaccine efficacy
Sodium picosulfate- decreased therapeutic effect

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26
Q

Azithromycin adverse reactions

A

Common- diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain
Less common- headache, elevates liver enzymes, flatulence
Rare, but serious- Steven-Johnson syndrome, severe hypersensitivity, myasthenia gravis, QTc prolongation, torsades de pointes, hepatitis

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27
Q

Cefdinir

A

Omnicef

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28
Q

Cefdinir class

A

3rd generation cephalosporin

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29
Q

Cefdinir MOA

A

3rd gen cephalosporin with activity against gram positive and negative bacteria including beta lactamase producing strains

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30
Q

Cefdinir FDA Indications

A
  1. ) Acute otitis media, pharyngitis, tonsilitis
  2. ) Bronchitis, acute, secondary bacterial infection
  3. ) Community-acquired pneumonia
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31
Q

Cefdinir drug interactions

A

Antacids, iron, vitamins-decreased absorption, separate by 12 h
Typhoid vaccine, cholera vaccine- decreased vaccine efficacy
Sodium picosulfate- decreased therapeutic effect

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32
Q

Cefdinir adverse effects

A

Common- diarrhea
Less common- N/V, vaginitis, HA
Rare, but serious- increased liver enzymes

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33
Q

Cephalexin

A

Keflex

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34
Q

Cephalexin FDA Indications

A
  1. ) Infection of skin and/or subcutaneous tissue
  2. ) Osteomyelitis
  3. ) Otitis media
  4. ) Streptococcal pharyngitis
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35
Q

Cephalexin class

A

First generation Cephalosporin

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36
Q

Cephalexin MOA

A

inhibits bacterial wall synthesis of actively dividing cells by binding to penicillin binding proteins. Effective against most gram-positive organisms.

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37
Q

Cephalexin drug interactions

A

Cholestyramine- decreases absorption of cephalexin
Metformin- increased metformin toxicity
Typhoid vaccine, cholera vaccine- decreased vaccine efficacy
Sodium picosulfate- antibiotics may decrease therapeutic effects

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38
Q

Cephalexin adverse effects

A

Common-Nausea
Less common- Vomiting
Rare, but serious- Steven-Johnson syndrome, renal failure, severe hypersensitivity, anemia, neutropenia, seizure

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39
Q

Chlorhexidine

A

Peridex, Paroex, Hibiclens

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40
Q

Chlorhexidine class

A

Antibacterial cleansing agent

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41
Q

Chlorhexidine FDA Indications

A
  1. ) Gingivitis

2. ) Skin or wound cleansing

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42
Q

Chlorhexidine MOA

A

Is an antiseptic and antimicrobial drug with bactericidal activity.

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43
Q

Chlorhexidine drug interactions

A

None

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44
Q

Chlorhexidine Adverse Effects

A

Common- mouth irrigation, tongue irritation, tooth aches and discolored teeth with oral rinse
Less common- GI irritation

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45
Q

Ciprofloxacin

A

Cipro, Cipro XR

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46
Q

Ciprofloxacin class

A

Fluroquinolone antibiotic

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47
Q

Ciprofloxacin FDA indications

A
  1. ) Anthrax, postexposure prophylaxis
  2. )Bacterial prostatitis
  3. ) Bronchitis
  4. ) UTI
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48
Q

Ciprofloxacin MOA

A

inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase. Highly active against aerobic, gram-neg bacilli

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49
Q

Ciprofloxacin BBW

A

Myasthenia gravis, tendon rupture and inflammation, peripheral neuropathy, CNS effects, cardiac, dermatologic, and hypersensitivity reactions, aortic dissection and rupture, hypoglycemia, mental health adverse effects

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50
Q

Ciprofloxacin drug interactions

A

Diabetic agents- hypoglycemia
Aluminum, calcium, magnesium antacids- decreased absorption of cipro by chelation
Corticosteroids- increased risk of tendon rupture
CYP1A2 substrates- increased substrate toxicity
Warfarin- increased risk of bleeding
P-glycoprotein inducers- reduces cipro efficacy
P-glycoprotein inhibitors- cipro toxicity
Typhoid and cholera vaccine- diminished vaccine effects
Sodium picosulfate- decreased therapeutic effect

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51
Q

Ciprofloxacin Adverse Effects

A

Common- Tooth discoloration in infants
Less common-N/V, rash, myalgia, arthralgia, tendinitis, HA
Rare, but serious- Steven-Johnson syndrome, renal failure, anemia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, seizure, cardiac effects, liver failure, myasthenia gravis, tendon rupture, renal failure, psychosis, QTc prolongation, peripheral neuropathy, CNS effects, severe cardiac, dermatologic and hypersensitivity reactions

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52
Q

Clindamycin

A

Cleocin

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53
Q

Clindamycin class

A

Lincosamide antibiotic

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54
Q

Clindamycin FDA Indications

A
  1. ) Bacterial infectious disease
  2. Infection of skin and/or subcutaneous infections
  3. ) Infectious disease of abdomen
  4. ) Lower respiratory tract infection
  5. ) Pelvic inflammatory disease
  6. ) Septicemia
55
Q

Clindamycin MOA

A

inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding 50S ribosomal subunit, can be bacteriostatic or bactericidal

56
Q

Clindamycin BBW

A

Colitis

57
Q

Clindamycin Drug interactions

A

Atracurium and nondepolarizing muscle relaxants- Additive effects on muscle contractility
Erythromycin- Decreased abx efficacy
Typhoid and cholera vaccines- decreased vaccine effects
Sodium picosulfate- decreased effects

58
Q

Clindamycin Adverse Effects

A

Common- Nausea
Less common- diarrhea, vomiting, rash
Rare, serious- QTc prolongation, steven-johnson syndrome, pseudomembranous colitis, esophagitis

59
Q

Doxycycline

A

Vibramycin

60
Q

Doxyxycline class

A

tetracycline antibiotic

61
Q

Doxycycline FDA indications

A
  1. ) Acinetobacter infection
  2. ) Acne vulgaris
  3. ) Gonorrhea
  4. ) Staphylococcal infection
62
Q

Doxycycline MOA

A

broad-spectrum bacteriostatic compound that inhibits protein synthesis at the 30S ribosomal subunit

63
Q

Doxycycline Drug interactions

A

Retinoic acid derivatives- risk of increased intracranial pressure
Antacids- decreased absorption via binding
Digoxin- decreased metabolism of digoxin
Penicillin- decreased efficacy
Typhoid and cholera vaccines
sodium picosulfate

64
Q

Doxycycline Adverse Effects

A

Common- Photosensitivity, tooth discoloration in children over 8
Less common-N/V, diarrhea
Rare, but serious- esophageal ulceration, hypersensitivity, hepatotoxicity, renal toxicity, clostridium difficle colitis, increased intracranial pressure, decreased growth in children

65
Q

Fluconazole

A

Diflucan

66
Q

Fluconazole class

A

imidazole antifungal

67
Q

Fluconazole FDA Indications

A

1,) Candidal vulvovaginitis, uncomplicated and complicated

  1. ) Cryptcpccal meningitis
  2. ) Candidiasis, systemic
  3. ) Oropharyngeal candidiasis
68
Q

Fluconazole MOA

A

Inhibits the biosynthesis of ergosterol

69
Q

Fluconazole drug interactions

A

Agents that increase QTc interval
Atorvastatin, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors- increased risk of rhabdo
CYP2C19, CYP2C9, CYP3A4/5 substrates- increased substrate toxicity
Sulfonylureas- hypoglycemia

70
Q

Fluconazole Adverse Effects

A

Common-none
Less common- HA
Rare, but serious- Steven-Johnson syndrome, arrhythmias (prolonged QTc, elevated LFTs, hypokalemia

71
Q

Ketoconazole

A

Nizoral

72
Q

Ketoconazole class

A

Imidazole antifungal

73
Q

Ketoconazole FDA Indications

A
  1. ) Candidiasis of skin
  2. ) Dandruff
  3. ) pityriasis versicolor
  4. ) Seborrheic dermatitis
  5. ) Tinea corporis
  6. ) Tinea cruris
  7. ) Tinea pedis
74
Q

Ketoconazole MOA

A

Inhibits the biosynthesis of ergosterol

75
Q

Ketoconazole drug interactions

A

None with topical formulation

76
Q

Ketoconazole adverse reactions

A

Common- appilcation site rxn with foam
less common- dry skin, burning, stinging at site of application
Rare, but serious- Rash, hair loss

77
Q

Levofloxacin

A

Levaquin

78
Q

Levofloxacin class

A

Fluroquinolone antibiotic

79
Q

Levofloxacin FDA Indications

A
  1. ) Bacterial prostatitis
  2. ) Bacterial sinusitis
  3. ) Bronchitis
  4. ) Community-acquired pneumonia
  5. ) Infection of skin and/or subcutaneous tissue
  6. ) Pyelonephritis, acute
80
Q

Levofloxacin MOA

A

Inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase

81
Q

Levofloxacin contraindications

A

Concurrent administration with tizanidine

82
Q

Levofloxacin BBW

A

Myasthenia gravis, tendon inflammation and rupture, peripheral neuropathy, CNS effects, cardiac, dermatologic, and hypersensitivity reactions, aortic dissections and ruptures

83
Q

Levofloxacin drug interactions

A 
Antidiabetics- hypoglycemia
aluminum, calcium, iron- decreased absoprtion by chelation
Class III Antiarrhythmics or agents that effect QTc interval- additive potential for QTc prolongation
Cotricosteroids- tendon rupture
NSAIDs- seizuers
Warfarin- bleeding 
Typhoid and cholera vaccine
Sodium picosulfate
84
Q

Levofloxacin Adverse Reactions

A

Common-Photosensitivity
Less common- N/V, rash, myalgia, arthralgia, tendinitis, HA
Rare, but serious- Steven-Johnsons syndrome, renal failure, severe hypersensitivity, anemia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, seizure, cardiac arrest, cardiac arrhythmias, liver failure, tendon rupture, psychosis, glucose abnormalities, C. diff, peripheral neuropathy, CNS effects, severe cardiac and dermatologic hypersensitivity reactions

85
Q

Metronidazole

A

Flagyl

86
Q

Metronidazole class

A

nitroimidazole antibiotic

87
Q

Metronidazole FDA Indications

A
  1. ) Abscess, anaerobic
  2. ) Amebic dysentery, acute
  3. ) Bacaterial vaginosis
  4. ) Trichomoniasis (for pt and partner)
88
Q

Metronidazole MOA

A

bactericidal against nearly all obligate anaerobic bacteria

89
Q

Metronidazole contraindications

A

1st trimester of pregnancy

90
Q

Metronidazole BBW

A

Carcinogenic

91
Q

Metronidazole drug interactions

A

antiarrhythmic agents, TCAs- increased risk of QT prolongation and other cardiac events
Amprenavir- increased propylene glycol toxicity
CYP3A4/5 substrates- increases substrate toxicity
Cholestyramine- decreased absorption of metronidazole
Disulfiram- increased CNS toxicity and disulfiram rxns
Typhoid vaccine and cholera vaccine
Sodium picosulfate Warfarin

92
Q

Metronidazole adverse reactions

A

Common-HA, nausea
Less common- Diarrhea, dizziness, neuropathy, abnormal taste
Rare, serious- severe hypersensitivity, seizures, ototoxicity, clinically insignificant dark urine, steven-johnson syndrome, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia

93
Q

Minocycline

A

Minocin

94
Q

Minocycline class

A

Tetracycline antibiotic

95
Q

Minocycline MOA

A

Inhibit protein synthesis at the 30S ribosomal subunit

96
Q

Minocycline drug interactions

A

Retinoic acid derivatives (tretinoin, acitrecin)- increased intracranial pressure
Aluminum, calcium, magnesium, iron-decreased absorption via binding
Ethinyl estradiol and other estrogen-based BC- decreases BC efficacy
Digoxin- Inhibits digoxin metabolism
Thyphoid vaccine, cholera vaccine, sodium picosulfate
penicillin
warfarin

97
Q

Minocycline adverse reactions

A

Common-dizziness, vertigo, tooth discoloration in children under 8, headache
Less common- N/V, fatigue, pruritis, uticaria
Rare, serious- hypersenstitivity, hepatotoxicity, renal toxicity, C.diff increased intracranial pressure, decreased growth in children, tissue hyperpigmentation

98
Q

Mupirocin

A

Bactroban

99
Q

Mupirocin FDA indications

A
  1. ) Impetigo
  2. ) Secondary skin infections
  3. ) Eradication of nasal colonization of MRSA
100
Q

Mupirocin drug class

A

Topical antibacterial

101
Q

Mupirocin MOA

A

Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by reversibly and specifically binding to bacterial RNA synthetase

102
Q

Mupirocin drug interactions

A

None

103
Q

Mupirocin adverse reactions

A

Common- none
Less common- HA, pruritus, burning at application site, stinging sensation, rhinitis
Rare, but serious- C. diff diarrhea

104
Q

Nitrofurantoin

A

Macrodantin, Macrobid

105
Q

Nitrofurantoin class

A

Nitrofuran antibiotic

106
Q

Nitrofurantion FDA Indications

A

1,) UTI

2,) UTI prophylaxis

107
Q

Nitrofurantoin MOA

A

inactivates ribosomes and is bactericidal in urine

108
Q

Nitrofurantoin contraindications

A

Use in neonates or pregnant patients at term due to risk of hemolytic anemia, anuria, or oliguria

109
Q

Nitrofurantoin drug interactions

A

Fluconazole- risk of hepatic and pulmonary toxicity
typhoid and cholera vaccine, sodium picosulfate
Norfloxacin- antagonism effect

110
Q

Nitrofurantoin adverse reactions

A

Common- Nausea, HA, discoloration of urine
Less common- Diarrhea, superinfection
Rare, but serious- hepatic failure, hemolytic anemia, interstitial lung disease

111
Q

Nystatin (topical)

A

Nystop, Mycostatin, Nyamyc

112
Q

Nystatin class

A

polyene antifungal

113
Q

Nystatin FDA indications

A

Candidiasis of skin

114
Q

Nystatin MOA

A

Binds to sterols in fungal cell walls

115
Q

Nystatin drug interactions

A

None

116
Q

Nystatin adverse effects

A

Less common- dry skin, irritation

Rare, serious- rash, stevens-johnson syndrome

117
Q

Oseltamivir

A

Tamiflu

118
Q

Oseltamivir class

A

Neuraminidase inhibitor, antiviral

119
Q

Oseltamivir FDA indications

A

1.) Influenza types A and B treatment and prophylaxis

120
Q

Oseltamivir MOA

A

inhibits influenza neurominidase affecting release of viral particles

121
Q

Oseltamivir drug interactions

A

None

122
Q

Oseltamivir adverse effects

A

Common- N/V
Less Common- Diarrhea, elevated LFTs
Rare, serious- arrhythmias, anaphylaxis, stevens-johnson syndrome, seizures, delirium

123
Q

Trimethoprim Sulfamethoxazole

A

Bactrim, Septra

124
Q

Trimethoprim Sulfamethoxazole Class

A

sulfonamide antibiotic

125
Q

Trimethoprim Sulfamethoxazole FDA Indications

A
  1. ) Acute exacerbation of COPD
  2. ) HIV infection
  3. ) Travelers diarrhea
  4. ) UTI
126
Q

Trimethoprim Sulfamethoxazole contraindications

A

Children under 2 months, pregnant patients at term, megaloblastic anemia due to folate deficiency

127
Q

Trimethoprim Sulfamethoxazole drug interactions

A

Antiarrhythmic agents, agents that prolong QTc interval
CYP2C8,2C9 substrates- increases substrate toxicity
Trimethoprim Sulfamethoxazole CYP3A4/5 and 2C9 inducers- reduces TMP efficacy
Trimethoprim Sulfamethoxazole CYP3A4/5 and 2C9 inhibitors- TMP toxicity
Typhoid and cholera vaccine, sodium picosulfate
Methotrexate- increases methotrexate toxicity

128
Q

Trimethoprim Sulfamethoxazole Drug interactions

A

Common- diarrhea, nausea
less common- skin rash, urticaria
Rare, serious- serious hypersensitivity, renal failure, hepatic failure, pancytopenia, arrhythmias, stevens-johnson syndrome, hyperkalemia, hypoglycemia, hemolytic anemia

129
Q

Valacyclovir

A

Valtrex

130
Q

Valacyclovir class

A

DNA polymerase inhibitor

131
Q

Valacyclovir FDA Indications

A

1,) Genital herpes

  1. ) Herpes zoster
  2. ) Varicella
  3. ) Herpes labialis
132
Q

Valacylovir MOA

A

prodrug of acyclovir

Inhibits viral DNA synthesis by incorporation into viral DNA

133
Q

Valacyclovir drug interactions

A

Phenytoin, fosphenytoin, valproic acid- decreased absorption of phenytoin
Foscarnet- increased chance of nephrotoxicity

134
Q

Valacyclovir adverse reactions

A

Common- malaise, headache, increased LFTs
Less common- N/V, abdominal pain, rash
Rare, serious- renal failure, TTP

Top 200 (8 decks)

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