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RIZL 111 > P2 | THE PHILIPPINES IN THE 19TH CENTURY AS RIZAL’S CONTEXT > Flashcards

P2 | THE PHILIPPINES IN THE 19TH CENTURY AS RIZAL’S CONTEXT Flashcards

1
Q

**Conditions of the Country before the birth of Jose Rizal
**

A
  1. More than 300 years of Spanish suppressive colonial rule
  2. Several attempts, through revolts or uprisings, by the natives to drive the foreign rulers away were all futile
  3. The lack of unity and nationalism seemed to be the culprit
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2
Q

Policies imposed by the Colonizers

A
  1. Polo
  2. Tribute
  3. Encomienda
  4. Isolation Policy
  5. Divide and rule
  6. Frailocracy
  7. Patronato Real (Royal Patronage)
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3
Q

Policies imposed by the Colonizers

The enforced or compulsory manual labor required for every male native between 16 to 60 years of age

A

Polo

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4
Q

refers to the payment exacted by anyone to be exempted from work

A

FALLA

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5
Q

Policies imposed by the Colonizers

Tax imposed on every individual or family to pay to the colonial government as a symbol of vassalage to Spain

  • It came in the form of produce or money.
A

TRIBUTE

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6
Q

Policies imposed by the Colonizers

  • A system of landholding wherein individuals loyal to Spain were granted land as trustees
  • The first government system adopted by Spain in the islands
  • This system is based on land occupation entrusted to private persons who contributed to the conquest of the islands, the Catholic Church and the royal government.
A

Encomienda

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7
Q

Policies imposed by the Colonizers

The natives were banned from engaging in any form of intercourse with their Asian neighbors.

A

Isolation Policy

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8
Q

the Philippines was secluded from the rest of Asia and trade was confined to the (____)

  • the Mexico-Philippines exchange
A

GALEON TRADE

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9
Q

Policies imposed by the Colonizers

The colonizers provoked the natives to fight among themselves thus, strengthening their hold of power
* The principle of disuniting the people (making them go against each other) in order to govern them more effectively.

A

DIVIDE AND RULE

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10
Q

Policies imposed by the Colonizers

  • The rule of the friars or the clergy
  • Resulted to grave abuses among civilians.
  • Most abusers were the “____” (parish priests)
A

FRAILOCRACY

  • “cura paroco”
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11
Q

Policies imposed by the Colonizers

The unity of Spain and the Catholic Church.
* This system puts the Church under the authority of the government as agreed by both the king and the Pope.

This gave the clergy national and local political authority referred to as “frailocracy”

A

Patronato Real (Royal Patronage)

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12
Q

Events leading to the change of system of Government

A
  1. Intellectual Revolution (Enlightenment)
  2. Industrial Revolution
  3. Age of Explorations and Discoveries
  4. The Opening of the Philippines to World Trade
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13
Q

The Philippines was discovered by () under the () expedition on (____)

  • Portugist; rendered his service to Portugal
  • Explores not conquero
A
  • Spain
  • Ferdinand Magellan
  • March 17, 1521

He was sent by King Charles I

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14
Q

competing on claims over the Moluccas and the Philippine
Islands

A

Spain and Portugal

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15
Q

the Spaniards were only able to return to the Philippines in 1543 under the expedition of () who named the islands as “____”

A
  • Ruy Lopez de Villalobos
  • Filipinas
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16
Q

cannot have physical attribute; 80 years old
that time.
* Symbolizes “warrior-type”

A

Lapu-lapu

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17
Q

Philippines under Spain

The ____ expedition exacted the location of the Philippines.

A

Villalobos

18
Q

The Conquest

In 1565, ____ was sent to the Philippines by ____

A
  • Miguel Lopez de Legazpi
  • Phillip II
19
Q

The Conquest

the new king of Spain, and also Portugal

A

Phillip II

20
Q

became the first Governor General of the Philippines.
* He also established the Encomienda system.

A

Miguel Lopez de Legazpi

21
Q

he founded the city of ____ under Spain in 1571 after taking it from ____

A
  • Manila
  • Rajah Sulayman
22
Q

Some of the Filipino Revolts Against Spanish Rule

A
  • 16th Century
  • 17th Century
  • 18th Century
  • 19th Century
23
Q

Some of the Filipino Revolts Against Spanish Rule

the Tagalog revolt against the Legazpi and Lavezares administrations.

16th Century

A

Lakandula and Sulayman Revolt (1574)

24
Q

Some of the Filipino Revolts Against Spanish Rule

Datus against Encomenderos

16th Century

A

Pampanga Revolt (1585)

25
Q

Some of the Filipino Revolts Against Spanish Rule

Conspiracy of the Maharlikas in Tondo (1587-1588)

16th Century

A
26
Q

Some of the Filipino Revolts Against Spanish Rule

The Cagayan and Dingras Revolts Against Tribute (1589)

16th Century

A
27
Q

Some of the Filipino Revolts Against Spanish Rule

led by Magalat, a Cagayano rebel

16th Century

A

Magalat Revolt (1596)

28
Q

Some of the Filipino Revolts Against Spanish Rule

against conversion to Christianity

17th Century

A

Igorot Revolt (1601)

29
Q

Some of the Filipino Revolts Against Spanish Rule

for religious freedom in Leyte

17th Century

A

Bancao Revolt (1621-1622)

30
Q

Some of the Filipino Revolts Against Spanish Rule

Warays of Northern Samar

17th Century

A

Sumuroy Revolt (1649-1650)

31
Q

Some of the Filipino Revolts Against Spanish Rule

Pampanga against friar and government abuses

17th Century

A

Maniago Revolt (1660-1661)

32
Q

Some of the Filipino Revolts Against Spanish Rule

Pangasinan w/ Maniago

17th Century

A

Malong Revolt (1660-1661)

33
Q

Some of the Filipino Revolts Against Spanish Rule

against pirate Koxinga

17th Century

A

Chinese Resistance of 1662

34
Q

Some of the Filipino Revolts Against Spanish Rule

Tapar a religious pagan

17th Century

A

Panay Revolt (1663)

35
Q

Some of the Filipino Revolts Against Spanish Rule

Chieftains

17th Century

A

Zambal(es) Revolt (1681-1683)

36
Q

Some of the Filipino Revolts Against Spanish Rule

18th Century

A
  • Agrarian Revolt of 1745 of Batangas, Laguna and Cavite
  • Dagohoy Rebellion of 88 years (1744-1829) in Bohol.
  • Diego & Gabriela Silang Revolt (1762-1763) in Ilocos
  • Palaris Revolt (1762-1764) during the British invasion
37
Q

Some of the Filipino Revolts Against Spanish Rule

19th Century

A
  • Novales Revolt (1823) in Manila against peninsulares
  • Palmero Conspiracy (1828) a failed plot against Spain
  • Hermano Pule Religious Revolt (1840-1843) in Tayabas
38
Q

Causes of the Filipinos Defeat:

A
  1. Disunity because of lack of national identity. The divide and rule strategy was an obstacle.
  2. Loyalty crisis because of ethnic differences
  3. Self-interest
  4. Lack of preparation and training
  5. Absence of sufficient weapons and firepower
  6. Geographical isolation and separation
  7. Communication gap due to language differences
39
Q

The Enlightenment of Europe in the Philippines

16th to 17th Century

A

Exploration
* A period of expansion for Western colonizers for Spain and Portugal that produced the likes of Christopher Columbus, Vasco de Gama, Bartholomew Diaz and Ferdinand Magellan in quest of gold, evangelization and power.

40
Q

The Enlightenment of Europe in the Philippines

16th to 17th Century

A
  • Reformation of the Protestants and the Counter-Reformation of the Catholics.
  • The Scientific Revolution and the rise of Copernicus, Galileo and Newton.
  • The Renaissance, the revival of the arts and humanities rediscovering the knowledge of the Greeks and the Roman.

  • It was the rise of masters Michelangelo and Leonardo de Vinci.
41
Q

The Enlightenment of Europe in the Philippines

18th Century

A
  • The Rights for Women
  • Growth of Literacy and Reading. The age for the printing press
  • The rise of modern philosophers like John Locke, writers and artists
  • Discussions on life, liberty and equality
  • Promotes progress, secularization and individualism
  • Society became anti divine right, favored the separation of church and state, and the proliferation of social classes
  • The emancipation of black slaves in the United States by President Lincoln.
42
Q

The Enlightenment of Europe in the Philippines

19th Century

A
  • 1821. Mexican independence from Spain resulting to loss of trade in the Pacific.
  • 1834. Opening of the Philippines to World Trade by Spain. Natives started to engage in trade. More Chinese migration to the country.
  • Influx of European influence. The Enlightenment reached the Indios.
  • Education of the Natives like Burgos, del Pilar, etc.
  • The rise of the educated middle class the ILUSTRADOS

RIZL 111 (3 decks)

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