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SURGICAL DISEASES > P2 TH6 LUNG CANCER > Flashcards

P2 TH6 LUNG CANCER Flashcards

1
Q

2 MAJOR TYPES OF LUNG CANCER BASED ON HISTOLOGICAL TX + PROGNOSIS

A

SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER

NON SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER

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2
Q

WHAT IS SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER?

A

MALIGNANT (CX) CELLS FORM IN THE TISSUE OF THE LUNG

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3
Q

WHAT IS NON SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER?

A

ANY TYPE OF EPITHELIAL LUNG CANCER OTHER THAN SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER

MOST COMMON TYPE:
squamous cell carcinoma
large cell carcinoma
adenocarcinoma

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4
Q

WHICH MAJOR TYPE LUNG CANCER IS MOST COMMON?

A

NON SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER

80% OF LUNG MALIGNANCIES

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5
Q

WHICH TYPE LUNG CANCER IS MOST AGGRESSIVE?

A

SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER
- usually spreads systemically by the time of DX

  • malignancy characterised by proliferation of small anapaestic cells
  • due to tendency of early metastasis > surgical resection not useful
  • MORE RESPONSIVE TO CHEMO
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6
Q

HISTOPATHOLOGICAL SUB TYPES OF NON SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER?

A

SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA

ADENOCARCINOMA

LARGE CELL CARCINOMA

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7
Q

MOST COMMON SYMPTOM OF LOCAL DISEASE IN LUNG CANCER?

A 
COUGH 
HEMOPTYSIS
CHEST PAIN 
DYSPNEA 
WHEEZING 
PNEUMONIA
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8
Q

MOST COMMON SYMPS OF LOCALLY ADVANCED LUNG CANCER?

A 
HOARSENESS
PHRENIC NERVE PARALYSIS 
DYSPHAGIA
STRIDOR 
SUPERIOR VENA CAVA SYNDROME 
PLEURAL EFFUSION 
PERICARDIAL EFFUSION 
PAN COAST SYNDROME
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9
Q

WHAT DOES PANCOAST SYNDROME INCLUDE?

A

> DUE: BRONCHOGENIC CARCINOMA IN SUPERIOR PULMONARY SULCUS

SUPERIOR SUCLUS TUMORS > INVASE BRACHIAL PLEXUS + STELLATE GANGLION

> IPSILATERAL HORNERS SYNDROME
NEURITIC PAIN
MUSCULAR ATROPHY IN ARM + HAND

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10
Q

WHAT IS SUPERIOR SUCLUS TUMOR?

A

PERIPHERALIS LUNG CANCER > localised in superior pulmonary sulcus

> anatomy

  • pulmonary sulcus comprise costovertebral gutter extending from first rib to diaphragm
  • super pulomary sulcus lies at uppermost extent of this recess
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11
Q

WHAT IS SUPERIOR VENA CAVA SYNDROME?

A

> group of problems caused when blood flow in superior vena cava is slowed down
extrinsic/ extrinsic obstruction of SVC
CONGESTION OF VENOUS FLOW FROM HEAD, NECK + UPPER EXTREMITIES
CONGESTION > INCREASED VENOUS PRESSURE

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12
Q

MOST COMMON BENING LESION OF LUNG?

A

HAMARTOMA

- bening tumour like malformation made up of abnormal cells + tissue found in areas of where cell growth takes place

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13
Q

PARANEOPLASTIC SYNDROME

A

> group of rare disorders triggered by abnormal immune response to cancerous tumor (neoplasm)

COMPLEX OF SYMPTOMS THAT ARE RELATED TO PRIMARY TUMOR OR ITS METASTASIS BY HORMONAL INTERMEDIATES

> EXAMPLE - LUNG CANCER

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14
Q

SYSTEM USED FOR STAGING OF NON SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER?

A

TUDOR NODE METASTASIS SYSTEM (TNM)

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15
Q

SURGICAL GOAL IN TX FOR NON SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER?

A

COMPLETE RESECTION OF LOCALISED TUMOURS = DEFINITIVE PRIMARY THERAPY

> completely remove tumor + all intrapulmonary lymphatic drainage

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16
Q

STANDARD PROCEDURE FOR NON SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER RESECTION?

A 
ANATOMIC LOBECTOMY 
SLEEVE
RESECTION 
BILOBECTOMY 
PNEUMONECTOMY
17
Q

THREE INDICATIONS FOR PALLIATIVE RESECTION OF LUNG CANCER

A

> UNRESOLVING LUNG ABSCESS
MASSIVE HEMOPTYSIS
PAINFUL INVASION OF CHEST WALL

18
Q

TWO STAGES OF SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER

A
  1. LIMITED
  2. EXTENSIVE

TRADITIONAL TNM CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM = LESS HELPFUL > MOST PX HAVE STAGE 3 OR 4 AT DIAGNOSIS + SURGERY MOSTLY PERFORMED

19
Q

WHAT IS THE LIMITED STAGE OF SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER COMPROMISE OF?

A

RESTRICTED TO ONE HEMITHORAX WITH IPSILATERAL REGIONAL + SUPRACLAVICULAR LYMPH NODE INVOLVEMENT

> PRIMARY TUMOUR + NODES = can be treated + totally encompassed in radiation port

20
Q

WHAT IS THE EXTENSIVE STAGE OF SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER?

A

METASTASIS OUTSIDE THE HEMITHORAX

> IN 60% OF CASES

21
Q

STANDARD THERAPY FOR SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER LIMITED STAGE?

A

COMBINATION OF CHEMO + EARLY CONCURRENT THORACIC RADIOTHERAPY FOLLOWED BY PROPHYLACTIC CRANIAL IRRADIATION (in responding patients)

22
Q

STANDARD THERAPY FOR SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER IN EXTENSIVE STAGE?

A

CHEMOTHERAPY

23
Q

WHAT IS PULMONARY METASTAECTOMY MEAN?

A

SURGICAL RESECTION OF PULMONARY METASTASIS

> CURATIVE SURGICAL PROCEDURE

24
Q

MOST IMPORTANT RF IN DEVELOPMENT OF LUNG CANCER?

A

SMOKING

25
Q

MOST FREQUENT HISTOLOGICAL TYPE OF LUNG CANCER?

A

ADENOCARCINOMA

26
Q

WHICH TYPE OF LUNG CANCER HAS:
> aggressive tendency to metastasise
> often spreads to mediastinal lymph nodes + distant site
> chemoradiotherpay treatment

A

SMALL CELL LUNG CARCINOMA

27
Q

WHICH IS MOST COMMON SYMPTOM OF LUNG CANCER WHICH IS OVERLOOKED BOTH BY PX + PHYS?

A

COUGH

28
Q

SYMPTOMS OF PANCOAST SYNDROME?

A

FACIAL ANHYDROSIS
MIOSIS
PTOSIS

29
Q

WHICH IS THE MOST INTRUIGING SYMPTOMS OF LUNG CANCER AS A RESULT OF PARANEOPLASTIC SYNDROME?

A

SUPERIOR VENA CAVA SYNDROME

SURGICAL DISEASES (13 decks)

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