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physics spec > p2 exam questions > Flashcards

p2 exam questions Flashcards

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1
Q

when the ball hits the ground energy is transferred from the ball to the earth

A
  • velocity just after bounce is less than just before bounce
  • so the ball has lost kinetic energy
  • total energy of ball and earth is constant
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2
Q

explain why the study of seismic waves provides evidence for the structure of the earth’s core

A
  • because s-waves cannot travel through a liquid
  • and s-waves do not travel through the outer core
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3
Q

the further a swimmer dives below the surface of the sea, the greater the pressure on the swimmer

A
  • increasing depth increases height of water column above the swimmer
  • increasing weight of water acting on swimmer
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4
Q

explain why the velocity of the satellite changes as it orbits the earth

A
  • force of gravity causes the satellite to accelerate towards the earth
  • the acceleration causes a change in direction
  • velocity changes because direction changes
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5
Q

explain why refraction occurs at the boundary between the deep water and shallower water

A
  • velocity is slower in shallow water
  • so edge of wave entering shallow water slows down
  • but the part of the wave in deeper water continues at a higher speed leading to a change in direction of the wave fronts
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6
Q

explain why the wave fronts in figure 17 do not refract at the boundary

A
  • every point on the wave hits the shallow water at the same time
  • and so every point slows down at the same time
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7
Q

when there is a current in the coil, the coil rotates continuously in a simple electric motor. explain why

A
  • sides of coil parallel to magnet experience a force in opposite directions
  • forces cause moments that act in same direction
  • the two halves of the commutator swap from one brush to the other
  • the commutator reverses the current in the coil each half-revolution
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8
Q

explain the possible dangers caused by a vehicle having a large deceleration when it is braking

A

brakes overheating causing loss of control

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9
Q

explain why changing motion of skydiver in terms of forces acting on skydiver

A
  • intially air resistance is less than weight so skydiver accelerates
  • acceleration causes air resistance to increase
  • resultant force decreases to zero
  • so skydiver falls at terminal velocity
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10
Q

explain how a moving-coil microphone works

A
  • sound waves cause the diaphragm to vibrate
  • the diaphragm causes the coil to vibrate
  • the coil moves backwards and forwards through the magnetic field
  • a potential difference is induced across the ends of the coil
  • frequency of changing potential difference is the same as the frequency of the sound waves
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11
Q

describe life cycle of stars much more massive than the sun

A
  • fusion produce new elements
  • nebula pulled together by gravity
  • causing increasing temperature
  • to become a protostar
  • hydrogen nuclei fuse to form helium nuclei
  • star becomes main sequence
  • hydrogen runs out
  • helium nuclei fuse to make heavier elements
  • up to iron
  • star expands
  • to become a red super giant
  • star collapses rapidly and explodes
  • called a supernova
  • creating elements heavier than iron
  • distributing them throughout the universe
  • leaving behind a neutron star
  • or a black hole
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12
Q

angle of refraction practical

A
  • place glass block on piece of paper
  • draw around glass block
  • use ray box to shine ray of light through glass block
  • mark ray of light entering glass block
  • mark ray of light emerging from glass block
  • join points to show path of complete ray through block
  • draw normal line at 90 degrees to surface
  • use protractor to measure angle of incidence and refraction
  • use ray box to shine ray of light at a range of different angles of incidence
  • increase angle of incidence in 10 degree intervals

OR

place a glass block on a piece of paper
draw around the glass block and then remove from the paper
draw a line at 90o
to one side of the block (the normal)
use a protractor to measure and then draw a line at an angle of 20o
to the normal
replace the glass block
using a ray box and slit point the ray of light down the drawn line
mark the ray of light emerging from the block
remove the block and draw in the refracted ray
measure the angle of refraction with a protractor
repeat the procedure for a range of values of the angle of incidence

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13
Q

describe what happens in the electrical circuit when it absorbs the radio waves

A
  • alternating current induced
  • with the same frequency as the radio wave
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14
Q

explain why a car has a maximum speed

A
  • maximum forward force provided by motor
  • as speed of car increases air resistance increases
  • until air resistance is equal in size to forward force
  • so car can no longer accelerate
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15
Q

suggest why the transformer can be adjusted to have different numbers of turns on secondary coil

A
  • to vary output potential difference
  • so you don’t need a different generator for each type of device
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16
Q

explain why an alternating current is induced in the coil of an alternator

A
  • coil cuts magnetic field lines
  • potential difference induced across coil
  • complete circuit so a current is induced in coil
  • every half turn the potential difference reverses direction
  • so current changes direction
17
Q

suggest the purpose of the slip rings

A
  • to stop the wires from twisting together
18
Q

alternator from power supply is disconnected from transformer and lamp. explain why handle of alternator becomes much easier to turn

A
  • no induced current
  • so no magnetic field produced by coil
  • to oppose movement of coil
19
Q

force practical

A
  • set up clamp stand with clamp
  • hang spring from clamp
  • use second clamp and boss to fix metre ruler alongside spring
  • record ruler reading level with bottom of spring
  • hang 1n from bottom of spring
  • record new position of bottom of spring
  • calculate extension of spring
  • add further weights to spring so force increases 1n at a time up to 10n
  • for each new force record position of bottom of spring and calculate extension
20
Q

red filter placed in front of lamp. lamp directed at blue object. explain why the blue object appears black

A
  • only red is transmitted by the filter
  • red is absorbed by the blue object
  • so no light is reflected by the blue object
21
Q

explain how a moving-coil loudspeaker produced a sound wave

A
  • current creates magnetic field around coil
  • which interacts with permanent magnetic field
  • producing a resultant force causing coil to move
  • when direction of current reverses, the direction of resultant force reverses
22
Q

give one strength and one weakness of the balloon model to represent expanding universe

A

strength
- as the balloon expands the dots get further apart, representing the galaxies moving apart

weakness
- there is a limit to how far the balloon can expand

23
Q

suggest two reasons why scientists decide to publish their results

A
  • to allow peer review of data
  • to assess the reproducibility of the data
  • to promote further enquiry / experiments
  • to encourage other scientists to develop explanations / new theories
24
Q

there are places on the journey where the train accelerates without changing speed. explain how this can happen

A
  • train changes direction so velocity changes
  • acceleration is the rate of change of velocity
25
Q

what is meant by the braking distance of a vehicle

A

the distance travelled under the breaking force

26
Q

if the sled is pulled at an angle to the surface the value calculated for the constant of friction would not be appropriate. explain why

A
  • only the horizontal component of the force would be pulling the sled forward
  • the vertical component of the force lifts the sled reducing the force of the surface on the sled
27
Q

explain why atmospheric pressure decreases with increasing altitude

A
  • air molecules colliding with a surface create pressure
  • at increasing altitude there are fewer molecules above a surface
  • so number of collisions with a surface decreases

physics spec (10 decks)

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