P2 Exam Flashcards
Maria is a 32-year-old woman who has recently started experiencing intense episodes of fear that seem to come
out of nowhere. These episodes involve a rapid heartbeat, shortness of breath, dizziness, and a fear of losing control.
These symptoms usually last for about 10 minutes, but the experience is so overwhelming that Maria feels exhausted afterward. She has started avoiding certain places, such as crowded malls and public transportation, fearing that she might have another episode. Maria is worried about her mental health and wonders if these episodes might be related to stress at work or some underlying health issue.
A. Panic Disorder
B. Generalized Anxiety Disorder
C. Agoraphobia
D. Social Anxiety Disorder
A. Panic Disorder
A person with a specific phobia is likely to experience intense fear in response to which of the following?
A. Separation from a loved one
B. A specific object or situation
C. Public speaking
D. Crowded places
B. A specific object or situation
Lisa is a 35-year-old woman who has been feeling increasingly anxious about various aspects of her life, including her job, health, and finances. She often finds herself worrying excessively about things that might go wrong, even
when there is no clear reason to worry. These worries are difficult to control and cause her significant distress,
affecting her sleep and concentration.
A. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
B. Panic Disorder
C. Specific Phobia
D. Generalized Anxiety Disorder
D. Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Two patients are diagnosed with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). Patient A presents with chronic fatigue,
diminished concentration, and significant weight loss. Patient B exhibits feelings of hopelessness, excessive guilt, and recurrent thoughts of death. How do these differences in symptom presentation influence the clinical diagnosis and understanding of MDD in these patients?
A. Patient A’s symptoms suggest a more severe form of MDD, while Patient B may be experiencing an atypical
depression that requires additional diagnostic criteria.
B. Both patients meet the diagnostic criteria for MDD, but Patient B’s symptoms indicate a higher risk for suicidal behavior, warranting immediate intervention.
C. The differences in symptoms do not affect the diagnosis since both patients meet the criteria for MDD and should
be diagnosed with the same subtype of the disorder.
D Patient A’s physical symptoms suggest that their MDD is more likely influenced by external factors, while Patient
B’s cognitive symptoms indicate a more biologically-driven depression.
B. Both patients meet the diagnostic criteria for MDD, but Patient B’s symptoms indicate a higher risk for suicidal behavior, warranting immediate intervention.
A 42-year-old patient presents with a two-year history of persistent fatigue, low energy, difficulty concentrating, and a general sense of hopelessness. The patient reports that these symptoms have been present nearly every day, with no periods of feeling entirely symptom-free. However, there has never been a period that meets the full criteria for a
Major Depressive Episode. The patient also denies any significant mood fluctuations or manic symptoms. Given this clinical picture, what is the most appropriate diagnosis?
A. Bipolar Disorder
B. Persistent Depressive Disorder
C. Major Depressive Disorder
D. Double Depression
B. Persistent Depressive Disorder
This is the hallmark feature of bipolar disorder
A. Manic episode
B. Hopelessness
C. Agitation
D. Inhibited
A. Manic episode
Which of the following is correct in pairing?
A. MDD: Chronic; PDD: Episodic
B. PMDD: Episodic; MDD: Chronic
C. Schizophrenia: Episodic; Bipolar: Chronic
D. ADHD: Chronic ; Bipolar I: Episodic
D. ADHD: Chronic ; Bipolar I: Episodic
A 7-year-old child exhibits excessive distress when separated from their parents, frequent nightmares involving
themes of separation, and physical complaints such as stomachaches on school days. The parents report that these behaviors have persisted for over six months and are significantly interfering with the child’s ability to function in
school and social settings. Considering the diagnostic criteria for Separation Anxiety Disorder (SAD), which of the following factors would be most important to assess further to confirm the diagnosis?
a) The presence of a traumatic event that could have triggered the child’s anxiety about separation.
b) The child’s attachment style and relationship dynamics with caregivers.
c) Whether the symptoms occur only in specific settings or across multiple environments.
d) The child’s developmental history and any previous history of anxiety disorders.
c) Whether the symptoms occur only in specific settings or across multiple environments.
A 6-year-old child consistently speaks freely at home with immediate family members but remains completely silent
at school, despite being able to communicate nonverbally and showing no signs of language difficulties. This behavior has persisted for more than a year, causing concern among teachers and affecting the child’s participation in classroom activities. Which of the following would be the most critical aspect to investigate further to understand whether the child meets the diagnostic criteria for Selective Mutism?
A. The presence of any underlying speech or language disorders that may contribute to the child’s silence in social
settings.
B. The child’s level of comfort and familiarity with the school environment and peers.
C. The consistency of the child’s inability to speak across different social situations outside the home.
D. The possibility of any traumatic events that may have occurred within the school environment.
C. The consistency of the child’s inability to speak across different social situations outside the home.
A patient has been avoiding crowded places, open spaces, and public transportation for the past 8 months, fearing they may have a panic attack and be unable to escape or get help. The patient reports intense anxiety when even thinking about these situations. Considering the criteria for agoraphobia, how might the patient’s avoidance
behavior evolve if left untreated, and what could be the potential long-term impact on their daily functioning?
A. The avoidance behaviors might spread to other situations, leading to increased social isolation and a significant
reduction in the patient’s ability to maintain employment or engage in daily activities.
B. The patient may develop a tolerance to their fears over time, leading to a gradual decrease in avoidance and anxiety related to public spaces.
C. The avoidance behavior is likely to remain isolated to current situations, with minimal impact on the patient’s overall functioning outside of those contexts.
D. The avoidance behaviors may decrease without intervention as the patient becomes more desensitized to the
feared situations over time.
A. The avoidance behaviors might spread to other situations, leading to increased social isolation and a significant
reduction in the patient’s ability to maintain employment or engage in daily activities.
Maria has recently started a new job and finds herself excessively worrying about upcoming meetings. She fears
that she will say something embarrassing or that her coworkers will judge her negatively. As a result, she has started
avoiding social interactions at work, and when she must attend, she experiences intense sweating, trembling, and
nausea. Based on Maria’s symptoms, how might this anxiety impact her job performance, and what coping strategies
could she apply to manage these feelings in the workplace?
A. Her anxiety is unlikely to affect her job performance, but practicing public speaking might help her improve.
B. Her anxiety will likely result in her resigning from her job; seeking a different job might resolve her symptoms.
C. Her anxiety will improve on its own over time, with no significant impact on her work performance.
D. Her anxiety might lead to decreased productivity and missed opportunities for collaboration; she could try gradual
exposure to social situations at work.
D. Her anxiety might lead to decreased productivity and missed opportunities for collaboration; she could try gradual exposure to social situations at work.
Analyze the role of auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia. How might these hallucinations differ from similar symptoms in other psychiatric disorders, and what implications does this have for differential diagnosis?
A. Auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia are generally less severe and less frequent than in bipolar disorder,
making differential diagnosis easier.
B. Auditory hallucinations are unique to schizophrenia and do not occur in other psychiatric disorders, simplifying
diagnosis.
C. Auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia are often more persistent and complex than in other disorders, which helps in distinguishing it from conditions like major depressive disorder.
D. Auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia are indistinguishable from those in other disorders, making diagnosis
challenging.
C. Auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia are often more persistent and complex than in other disorders, which helps in distinguishing it from conditions like major depressive disorder.
Given that schizophrenia is often associated with a high degree of stigma, evaluate the potential effects of this stigma on a patient’s willingness to seek treatment and adhere to medication.
A. Stigma may encourage patients to seek treatment to prove their commitment to recovery.
B. Stigma may discourage patients from seeking treatment and lead to poor medication adherence, exacerbating their symptoms.
C. Stigma has no significant effect on treatment-seeking behavior or medication adherence in schizophrenia.
D. Stigma may improve medication adherence, as patients seek to avoid criticism from others.
B. Stigma may discourage patients from seeking treatment and lead to poor medication adherence, exacerbating their symptoms.
Consider the relationship between schizophrenia and substance use disorders. How might the co-occurrence of these conditions impact the diagnostic process and treatment approach?
A. Co-occurring substance use disorders may complicate the diagnosis of schizophrenia and necessitate an integrated treatment approach addressing both conditions simultaneously.
B. Substance use disorders have no significant impact on the diagnosis of schizophrenia and can be treated separately without affecting schizophrenia management.
C. The presence of a substance use disorder indicates that schizophrenia is not the primary diagnosis, leading to exclusion of schizophrenia as a diagnosis.
D. Substance use disorders simplify the diagnosis of schizophrenia by providing a clear distinction between primary and secondary symptoms.
A. Co-occurring substance use disorders may complicate the diagnosis of schizophrenia and necessitate an integrated treatment approach addressing both conditions simultaneously.
Analyze how the presence of disorganized speech and behavior in a patient might affect the diagnostic process
for schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders. How might these symptoms influence the differentiation from other mental health disorders?
A. It is crucial in diagnosing schizophrenia and helps differentiate it from mood disorders and other psychotic disorders by indicating a severe disruption in cognitive functioning.
B. Disorganized speech and behavior are less relevant for diagnosing schizophrenia compared to symptoms like
delusions and hallucinations.
C. Disorganized symptoms are common in all mental health disorders, making them ineffective for distinguishing
schizophrenia from other conditions.
D. Disorganized symptoms primarily impact the diagnosis of mood disorders rather than schizophrenia.
A. It is crucial in diagnosing schizophrenia and helps differentiate it from mood disorders and other psychotic disorders by indicating a severe disruption in cognitive functioning.
Evaluate the diagnostic criteria for Schizophreniform Disorder and how it compares with Schizoaffective Disorder
regarding symptom overlap and differentiation. How does the presence of mood episodes affect this differentiation?
A. Both disorders have identical criteria for diagnosis, with no significant differences in symptom presentation or
overlap.
B. Schizoaffective Disorder is diagnosed based on psychotic symptoms alone, with mood episodes being secondary and not affecting differentiation from Schizophreniform Disorder.
C. Schizophreniform Disorder is characterized by psychotic symptoms without mood episodes, while Schizoaffective
Disorder includes both mood and psychotic symptoms, making the presence of mood episodes a key differentiator.
D. Schizophreniform Disorder involves mood symptoms, while Schizoaffective Disorder focuses solely on psychotic symptoms, creating clear differentiation.
C. Schizophreniform Disorder is characterized by psychotic symptoms without mood episodes, while Schizoaffective
Disorder includes both mood and psychotic symptoms, making the presence of mood episodes a key differentiator.
A patient experiences a sudden onset of severe psychotic symptoms including hallucinations, delusions, and
disorganized speech lasting for less than one month. After this episode, the patient returns to baseline functioning.
Which diagnosis best describes this patient’s condition?
A. Delusional Disorder
B. Schizophreniform Disorder
C. Schizoaffective Disorder
D. Brief Psychotic Disorder
D. Brief Psychotic Disorder
Considering the diagnosis of Schizoaffective Disorder, what could be the significance of mood disturbances in relation to the psychotic symptoms. How does the presence of mood symptoms influence the diagnostic process?
A. In Schizoaffective Disorder, the presence of significant mood disturbances concurrent with psychotic symptoms is crucial for diagnosis.
B. Mood disturbances are less important for diagnosing Schizoaffective Disorder compared to psychotic symptoms,
which are the primary focus.
C. Mood disturbances in Schizoaffective Disorder only affect the treatment approach, not the diagnostic criteria.
D.. Mood disturbances are considered only after diagnosing Schizophrenia or another primary psychotic disorder.
A. In Schizoaffective Disorder, the presence of significant mood disturbances concurrent with psychotic symptoms is crucial for diagnosis.
A patient presents with fixed, false beliefs that persist for at least one month but does not exhibit other symptoms
of schizophrenia. The patient is otherwise functioning well and does not have significant mood disturbances. Which
disorder is the most appropriate diagnosis for this patient?
A. Brief Psychotic Disorder
B. Schizophreniform Disorder
C. Delusional Disorder
D. Schizoaffective Disorder
C. Delusional Disorder
Distinguish the diagnostic criteria for Schizophreniform Disorder and Brief Psychotic Disorder. How would a clinician differentiate between these two disorders based on symptom duration and functional impairment?
A. Both disorders have a similar duration and level of functional impairment, making differentiation based solely on these factors difficult.
B. Brief Psychotic Disorder is identified by more severe symptoms than Schizophreniform Disorder, with no
consideration given to duration.
C. Schizophreniform Disorder has a more chronic course, while Brief Psychotic Disorder is acute and usually does
not affect functionality.
D. Schizophreniform Disorder is characterized by symptoms lasting from one to six months with varying levels of
functional impairment, whereas Brief Psychotic Disorder has a duration of less than one month with significant impairment during the episode but returning to baseline after.
D. Schizophreniform Disorder is characterized by symptoms lasting from one to six months with varying levels of
functional impairment, whereas Brief Psychotic Disorder has a duration of less than one month with significant impairment during the episode but returning to baseline after.
A person experiences alternating periods of hypomania and depressive episodes, but has never had a manic
episode. What is the most appropriate diagnosis?
A. Bipolar I Disorder
B. Bipolar II Disorder
C.Cyclothymic Disorder
D. Major Depressive Disorder
B. Bipolar II Disorder
In the diagnostic criteria for Cyclothymic Disorder and Bipolar II Disorder. How do the criteria for mood episodes in Cyclothymic Disorder and Bipolar II Disorder contribute to the differentiation between these two disorders?
A. Cyclothymic Disorder has chronic, less intense mood swings, while Bipolar II Disorder includes clear hypomanic
and depressive episodes.
B. Cyclothymic Disorder involves brief mood changes, whereas Bipolar II Disorder requires continuous mood
instability.
C. Bipolar II Disorder includes major depressive episodes, which are not required for Cyclothymic Disorder.
D. Cyclothymic Disorder and Bipolar II Disorder are similar in having no significant mood episode requirements.
A. Cyclothymic Disorder has chronic, less intense mood swings, while Bipolar II Disorder includes clear hypomanic and depressive episodes.
A patient presents with a mood disorder characterized by at least one manic episode and one or more major
depressive episodes. Which disorder is most consistent with this presentation?
A. Bipolar I Disorder
B. Bipolar II Disorder
C. Cyclothymic Disorder
D. Unspecified Bipolar Disorder
A. Bipolar I Disorder
Imagine you are a clinician assessing a patient who reports experiencing several weeks of elevated mood,
increased energy, and impulsive behavior. Based on the diagnostic criteria, which additional symptom would you
expect to find to support a diagnosis of Bipolar I Disorder rather than Cyclothymic Disorder?
a) Episodes of major depression lasting at least two weeks.
b) Distinct periods of hypomanic symptoms without depressive episodes.
c) Severe manic episodes with possible psychotic features.
d) Chronic mood fluctuations over a period of two years.
c) Severe manic episodes with possible psychotic features.
A patient is being evaluated for mood disorders and presents with a history of mood swings, including periods of elevated mood and irritability lasting several days, along with periods of significant depressive symptoms. To accurately diagnose Bipolar II Disorder rather than Cyclothymic Disorder, what key criterion must be identified?
A. Episodes of elevated mood that meet the criteria for hypomania.
B. At least one major depressive episode lasting for at least two weeks.
C. Chronic mood disturbances over at least one year without major depressive episodes.
D. Frequent mood swings without a clear pattern of depressive episodes.
B. At least one major depressive episode lasting for at least two weeks.
A patient is presenting symptoms including hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized speech. To determine if the patient meets the criteria for schizophrenia rather than another psychotic disorder, which additional symptom or condition should be assessed?
A. Affective symptoms such as persistent sadness or elevated mood.
B. Functional impairment in work, interpersonal relationships, or self-care for a significant portion of the time.
C. Symptoms occurring only during a manic or depressive episode.
D. A history of brief psychotic episodes lasting less than one month.
B. Functional impairment in work, interpersonal relationships, or self-care for a significant portion of the time.
A patient reports experiencing excessive worry about various aspects of daily life, such as work and social
interactions, for the past six months. To determine if the patient meets the criteria for Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) rather than another anxiety disorder, which additional symptom or criterion should be assessed?
A. Presence of specific phobias or irrational fears related to a particular object or situation.
B. Recurrent, unexpected panic attacks that occur spontaneously and are not linked to specific situations.
C. The patient’s worry is pervasive, occurring on more days than not, and is difficult to control.
D. Avoidance of situations where the patient might be exposed to social scrutiny or embarrassment.
C. The patient’s worry is pervasive, occurring on more days than not, and is difficult to control.
A patient reports an intense fear of being in crowded places and experiences severe anxiety when they need to go outside or be in situations where escape might be difficult. To differentiate this from Social Anxiety Disorder and accurately diagnose Agoraphobia, which additional criterion should be assessed?
A. The fear is linked specifically to performance situations or social interactions with unfamiliar people.
B. The fear and avoidance are related to situations where the patient might be unable to escape or where help may not be available.
C. The patient experiences significant anxiety in social settings, particularly when faced with potential scrutiny by
others.
D. The fear is of being judged or embarrassed in social situations, such as public speaking or attending social
gatherings.
B. The fear and avoidance are related to situations where the patient might be unable to escape or where help may not be available.
A patient presents with a belief that they have special powers and are being watched by government agencies,
despite no evidence supporting these claims. To accurately diagnose the type of delusion, which additional symptom or feature would help distinguish between a delusion of grandeur and a delusion of persecution?
A. Beliefs involving a conspiracy against the patient or fears of being harmed.
B. Beliefs that others are trying to deceive or manipulate the patient.
C. Beliefs involving the patient’s experiences of physical sensations that others do not perceive.
D. Beliefs involving the patient’s special abilities or status, such as being a historical or religious figure.
D. Beliefs involving the patient’s special abilities or status, such as being a historical or religious figure.
A patient insists that they are being secretly controlled by extraterrestrial beings and that their thoughts are being broadcast to others. To determine whether the patient is experiencing a delusion of control or a delusion of reference, which additional feature should be assessed?
A. The belief that everyday events, objects, or people have personal significance or are directly related to the patient.
B. The belief that external forces or entities are manipulating the patient’s thoughts or actions.
C. The belief that others are secretly aware of the patient’s private thoughts.
D. The belief that the patient has been chosen for a special mission or has unique powers.
B. The belief that external forces or entities are manipulating the patient’s thoughts or actions.
John struggles with understanding sarcasm and metaphors. He might be diagnosed with______.
A. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
B. Speech Sound Disorder
C. Social (Pragmatic) Communication Disorder
D. Autism Spectrum Disorder
C. Social (Pragmatic) Communication Disorder
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)?
A. Difficulty with social interaction and making eye contact
B. Repetitive behaviors, like hand-flapping or rocking
C. Hyperactivity and impulsivity
D. Strict routines and resistance to changes
C. Hyperactivity and impulsivity
Kiara reports that her 5-year-old daughter often says “wabbit” instead of “rabbit” and “thoup” instead of “soup”.
Despite her best efforts, she continues to make these errors, and other children sometimes struggle to understand
her. Which disorder is this child most likely experiencing?
A. Language Disorder
B. Childhood-Onset Fluency Disorder
C. Specific Learning Disorder
D. Speech Sound Disorder
D. Speech Sound Disorder
Chloe becomes extremely upset when their daily routine is changed and prefers to play with the same set of toys in a specific order. Which disorder does this child most likely have?
A. Childhood-Onset Fluency Disorder
B. Specific Learning Disorder
C. Autism Spectrum Disorder
D. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
C. Autism Spectrum Disorder
Seraya often gets out of her seat during lessons and has difficulty waiting her turn during group activities. Despite being intelligent, she frequently forgets to turn in her homework and struggles with organizing his tasks. What disorder might she be experiencing?
A. Childhood-Onset Fluency Disorder
B. Specific Learning Disorder
C. Autism Spectrum Disorder
D. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
D. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Phoebe struggles with basic calculations, often forget math facts, and have trouble understanding concepts like time, money, and number sense. Despite extra tutoring and practice, she continues to fall behind her peers in math.
A. Dysgraphia
B. Dyscalculia
C. Specific Learning Disorder
D. Dyslexia
B. Dyscalculia
- April is frequently described as “clumsy” by parents and peers. They often drop objects, bump into things, and struggle with tasks like tying their shoelaces, using scissors, and handwriting. What condition might she be
experiencing?
A. Tic Disorder
B. Stereotypic Movement Disorder
C. Tourette Syndrome
D. Developmental Coordination Disorder
D. Developmental Coordination Disorder
Dora recently developed a habit of repeatedly blinking her eyes and occasionally clearing her throat without any
apparent reason. These behaviors started about three months ago, and she seems unaware of them. What condition
might she be experiencing?
A. Tourette Syndrome
B. Chronic Tic Disorder
C. Stereotypic Movement Disorder
D. Transient Tic Disorder
D. Transient Tic Disorder
Seraya has been blinking a lot and shrugs her shoulders along with grunting and repeating words for the past two
years. These occur frequently throughout the day and have been causing difficulties in school and social settings.
What is the most appropriate diagnosis?
A. Chronic Tic Disorder
B. Transient Tic Disorder
C. Tourette Syndrome
D. Stereotypic Movement Disorder
C. Tourette Syndrome
Alfie insists that his classmates are spreading rumors about him and tampering with his work, even though there is no evidence to support his claims. Despite reassurances from her classmates, he remains convinced. This is an
example of what delusion?
A. Grandiose Delusion
B. Persecutory Delusion
C. Erotomanic Delusion
D. Nihilistic Delusion
B. Persecutory Delusion
Naden frequently watches a specific news program and believes that the news anchor is sending her secret messages through certain gestures and phrases. She interprets these as personal communications directed specifically at her. What type of delusion is this?
A. Somatic Delusion
B. Referential Delusion
C. Grandiose Delusion
D. Nihilistic Delusion
B. Referential Delusion
Rowell believes that his internal organs are decaying, despite normal medical test results. He is convinced that his liver is rotting and that he can feel worms crawling inside his body. What type of delusion is this?
A. Somatic Delusion
B. Nihilistic Delusion
C. Referential Delusion
D. Persecutory Delusion
A. Somatic Delusion
Alfie believes that Alice Guo is secretly in love with him. He interprets Alice’s statements and actions as messages meant only for him even though they have never met. What type of delusion does this describe?
A. Grandiose Delusion
B. Persecutory Delusion
C. Erotomanic Delusion
D. Somatic Delusion
C. Erotomanic Delusion
During a conversation, Vincent frequently switches topics without any clear connection between them. For
instance, while discussing his job, he suddenly starts talking about his favorite TV show and then jumps to a completely unrelated topic about cooking. His speech is difficult to follow and seems incoherent. What characteristic of disorganized thinking does this describe?
A. Tangentiality
B. Incoherence
C. Derailment
D. Loose Associations
C. Derailment
Julliana starts dressing in peculiar clothing and frequently talks about her ability to predict the future. She believes that she has special powers that others don’t possess. She also exhibits odd behaviors and often seem suspicious of others, avoiding social situations. What disorder might this individual be experiencing?
A. Delusional Disorder
B. Schizotypal Personality Disorder
C. Brief Psychotic Disorder
D. Schizophreniform Disorder
B. Schizotypal Personality Disorder
Jonah suddenly starts hearing voices and becomes extremely paranoid. She believes that people are plotting
against her. These symptoms last for three weeks, during which, Jonah was unable to perform daily activities. The symptoms resolved completely after a month. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Delusional Disorder
B. Schizotypal Personality Disorder
C. Brief Psychotic Disorder
D. Schizophreniform Disorder
C. Brief Psychotic Disorder
Kenshin has been hearing voices, having disorganized speech, and has erratic behavior for over six months. He has also been withdrawing from social activities and has shown reduced emotional expression. What condition might
he have?
A. Schizophrenia
B. Schizophreniform
C. Schizotypal
D. Delusional Disorder
A. Schizophrenia
This disorder presents a combination of depressive symptoms, such as a lack of interest in activities and a
persistent low mood, along with psychotic symptoms like hallucinations and delusions. What disorder could this be?
A. Schizophreniform
B. Schizoaffective
C. Schizophrenia
D. Schizotypal
B. Schizoaffective
Chrislee has been diagnosed with Bipolar II Disorder and is currently experiencing a depressive episode. He is finding it hard to get out of bed and has lost interest in his usual activities. Which of the following strategies would be most appropriate to help Daniel manage his depressive episode?
A. Increase his caffeine intake to boost energy
B. Encourage him to attend a support group for Bipolar I Disorder
C. Ensure adherence to his prescribed medication and consider psychotherapy
D. Suggest he avoids any social interactions to prevent additional stress
C. Ensure adherence to his prescribed medication and consider psychotherapy
Mark has been experiencing chronic mood fluctuations for the past 18 months, with periods of mild hypomanic and depressive symptoms. His symptoms are not severe enough to meet the criteria for full hypomanic or depressive episodes. What is the most likely diagnosis for Mark’s condition?
A. Bipolar 1 Disorder
B. Bipolar 2 Disorder
C. Cyclothymic Disorder
D. Generalized Anxiety Disorder
C. Cyclothymic Disorder
Krizzia’s doctor is considering a diagnosis of Cyclothymic Disorder. What key factor must be confirmed to support
this diagnosis?
A. Presence of a major depressive episode
B. Duration of hypomanic and manic symptoms for at least 2 years
C. History of a full manic episode
D. Significant impairment in social and occupational functioning
B. Duration of hypomanic and manic symptoms for at least 2 years
Marieane frequently has severe temper outbursts at home and school, occurring about four times a week. Her mood is consistently irritable and angry, and this has been going on for the past 14 months. Based on Marieane’s symptoms, which diagnosis is most likely?
A. Oppositional Defiant Disorder
B. Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder
C. Major Depressive Disorder
D. Autism Spectrum Disorder
B. Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder
Alex has been experiencing a persistent low mood, significant weight loss, trouble concentrating, and feelings of worthlessness for the past 3 weeks. What is the most likely diagnosis for Alex?
A. Persistent Depressive Disorder
B. Major Depressive Disorder
C. Bipolar Disorder
D. Substance/Medication-Induced Depressive Disorder
B. Major Depressive Disorder
Nikki experiences severe mood swings, irritability, and significant fatigue during the two weeks before her menstruation. What diagnosis best fits Lisa’s symptoms?
A. Persistent Depressive Disorder
B. Substance/Medication-Induced Depressive Disorder
C. Major Depressive Disorder
D. Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder
D. Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder
Anne develops depressive symptoms, including persistent sadness and fatigue, shortly after starting a new medication for hypertension. What is the most likely diagnosis for Anne’s condition?
A. Major Depressive Disorder
B. Persistent Depressive Disorder
C. Substance/Medication-Induced Depressive Disorder
D. Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder
C. Substance/Medication-Induced Depressive Disorder
Rachel, a 30-year-old, has developed a fear of going to crowded places and using public transportation. She feels
that escaping from these situations or obtaining help would be difficult. This fear has caused her to avoid these situations for the past 8 months. What diagnosis might Rachel have?
A. Panic Disorder
B. Agoraphobia
C. Generalized Anxiety Disorder
D. Specific Phobia
B. Agoraphobia
Which condition is characterized by intense fear or anxiety about social situations where one might be judged by
others?
A. Panic Disorder
B. Agoraphobia
C. Selective Mutism
D. Social Anxiety Disorder
D. Social Anxiety Disorder
Which of the following is NOT a diagnostic criterion for Separation Anxiety Disorder?
A. Excessive fear of separation from attachment figures
B. Physical symptoms like headaches and nausea during separation
C. Duration of symptoms for at least 6 months in children
D. Significant distress or impairment in functioning
C. Duration of symptoms for at least 6 months in children
In Selective Mutism, which of the following is a key feature of the disorder?
A. Excessive fear of public speaking
B. Intense fear of separation from parents
C. Recurrent, unexpected panic attacks
D. Consistent failure to speak in specific social situations
D. Consistent failure to speak in specific social situations
Which therapeutic approach is commonly used for treating Generalized Anxiety Disorder?
A. Exposure therapy
B. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)
C. Medication for specific phobias
D. None of the above
B. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)
