P1 Exam Flashcards
Among the choices below, which is showcasing distress when diagnosing a mental disorder?
A. A person who feels occasional sadness but finds comfort in talking to friends and family about their feelings.
B. A person who experiences intense fear and anxiety when encountering small spaces, leading to
avoidance of elevators and crowded rooms.
C. A person who enjoys spending most of their time alone and feels rejuvenated after solitary activities like reading or gardening.
D. A person who has a strict daily routine and becomes agitated when unexpected changes occur, but adapts quickly without lasting emotional distress.
B. A person who experiences intense fear and anxiety when encountering small spaces, leading to avoidance of elevators and crowded rooms.
Which shows abnormal behavior from the choices below?
A) Deviates from cultural norms or expectations
B) Is influenced solely by unconscious conflicts
C) Results from biochemical imbalances
D) Is exhibited only by individuals with severe mental illnesses
A) Deviates from cultural norms or expectations
James, a psychologist, likes to incorporate new things especially those things that are not based on any theories or books from any psychological references from his patient. Which among the choices James is exhibiting?
A) James showing unethical practices since he is not following the guidelines from the book.
B) James loves to experiment things that’s why he is creating his own ways.
C) James as a scientist-practitioner loves to explore different areas to help his patients.
D) James does not really know the jobs and just wants to do it for money.
C) James as a scientist-practitioner loves to explore different areas to help his patients.
A 28-year-old woman has been experiencing overwhelming sadness, loss of interest in activities she once enjoyed, changes in appetite, and disrupted sleep patterns for the past three months. Because she often feels hopeless and has difficulty concentrating at work, she decides to seek help from a mental health
professional. Which of the following symptoms described in the scenario is MOST likely the presenting problem?
A) Overwhelming sadness and loss of interest in activities
B) Changes in appetite and disrupted sleep patterns
C) Feelings of hopelessness and difficulty concentrating
D) Seeking help from a mental health professional
C) Feelings of hopelessness and difficulty concentrating
15 new cases of dengue have been reported in the past few days. This is an example of?
A) Prevalence
B) Onset
C) Course
D) Incidence
D) Incidence
Since the outbreak of covid-19 people are constantly bringing alcohol, and facemask to avoid transmission of the disease. Oftentimes they get exaggerated when someone is coughing and high favor to the point that they want that family living in that household to be quarantined. The phenomenon leads to panic buying, where fear and anxiety spread rapidly among populations, leading to irrational behaviors such as excessive hoarding. These episodes underscored the psychological impact of the pandemic and highlighted the importance of clear communication and factual information in mitigating fear and promoting rational responses during times of crisis. This is an example of?
A) Mass hysteria
B) Panic
C) Anxiety
D) None of the above
A) Mass hysteria
What could be the reason why Grey and his colleagues lost their interest in treating patients?
A) Due to influx patient that was admitted
B) There’s no cure yet for pathology
C) Hospitalization is already enough
D) For people to not hope that they will get cured.
B) There’s no cure yet for pathology
A type of therapy in which it give emphasis on emotional or psychological factors rather than to a code of
conduct
A) Mental Hygiene Movement
B) Psychotherapy
C) Moral Therapy
D) Psychoanalytic
C) Moral Therapy
Among the choices below which does not show tactics that characterize psychodynamic psychotherapy?
A) a focus on patients’ personal experiences
B) a focus on affect and the expression of patients’ emotions
C) an exploration of patients’ wishes, dreams, or fantasies
D) an emphasis on past experiences.
A) a focus on patients’ personal experiences
A baby hears a sudden loud noise and immediately starts crying loudly. In this scenario, the baby’s loud crying in response to the sudden loud noise is an example of?
A) Unconditioned stimulus
B) Unconditioned response
C) Conditioned stimulus
D) Conditioned response
B) Unconditioned response
Why is the multidimensional model important in understanding psychological disorders?
A) It emphasizes biological factors as the sole determinants of mental health.
B) It integrates multiple factors that contribute to the development and maintenance of psychological
disorders.
C) It focuses exclusively on environmental influences on behavior.
D) It simplifies the complexity of human behavior into distinct categories.
B) It integrates multiple factors that contribute to the development and maintenance of psychological
disorders.
Which among the choices is not considered as a diathesis-stress model of psychopathology?
A) Genetic predisposition
B) Environmental stressors
C) Cognitive distortions
D) Neurochemical imbalances
C) Cognitive distortions
Due to a traumatic experience, an individual may develop depression, and cause anxiety every time there’s a recall of that event.
A) Resilience
B) Coping mechanisms
C) Vulnerability
D) Adaptive responses
C) Vulnerability
How do environmental factors influence epigenetic modifications?
A) They directly alter DNA sequences.
B) They affect gene expression without altering DNA sequence.
C) They cause mutations in the genetic code.
D) They induce changes in chromosome structure.
B) They affect gene expression without altering DNA sequence.
Which of the following is not primarily considered an excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous
system?
a) Glutamate
b) Dopamine
c) Acetylcholine
d) Norepinephrine
b) Dopamine
An inverse agonist can be best described as?
A) Enhance the binding agonist receptor
B) Produce response by binding its receptor and activates
C) Constituting the bind receptor and decrease its activity
D) This blocks the receptor by competing with the antagonist
C) Constituting the bind receptor and decrease its activity
The student with their fast approaching examination is giving them anxiety, together with the constant experience of several consecutive failures despite putting a significant effort. Over time, they begin to
believe that their efforts were just put in vain and they have no control over it. Which statement best
evaluates the concept of learned helplessness?
A) It highlights the importance of perseverance and resilience in overcoming challenges.
B) It suggests that Sarah lacks the necessary skills to succeed academically.
C) It emphasizes the role of genetics rather than environmental factors in Sarah’s academic outcomes.
D) It implies that Sarah’s learned helplessness is a temporary state and can be easily reversed.
A) It highlights the importance of perseverance and resilience in overcoming challenges.
Jenna without any other good reason is fearful of the dark alley since ghosts will appear there and will
take her. She has been told by her grandmother it is where the ghost is lurking. What could be the best explanation for this?
A) Jenna is having a specific phobia which is the fear of the dark.
B) Jenna is anxious in a dark alley that is why it is giving her extreme fear.
C) Jenna is afraid that a ghost might appear.
D) Jenna has developed the concept of prepared learning
D) Jenna has developed the concept of prepared learning
Bulimia, known as under the eating disorder category, has caused problems to people due to its purging activity according to the data the disorder is commonly occurring in young females. What makes bulimia nervosa a commonly occuring disorder in young females?
A) Due to they want to eat and maintaining their body figure by purging
B) They think it will make them look ugly if they get fat
C) They do not want to put effort in exercising since purging is the easiest way
D) They feel pressure because of the societal view.
D) They feel pressure because of the societal view.
An employee who has been in distress for a long period of time is hesitant to seek help from a
psychologist out of fear. What could be the cause of this fear?
A) He might not accept it if it will result into a disorder
B) He does not want anyone will know about his problem
C) He is resilient he can take of himself
D) He is afraid getting stigmatized and label due to the result
D) He is afraid getting stigmatized and label due to the result
What is the division of the hemisphere and lobes in our brain?
A) 2:4
B) 4:3
C) 2:3
D) 3:2
A) 2:4
Known as the first person to create an asylum in France and free mentally ill people from being chained.
A. Dorothea Dix
B. John P. Grey
C. Philippe Pinel
D. Eugen Bleueler
C. Philippe Pinel
People become conscious of their health due to the pandemic. Others keep sanitary wipes, and hand
sanitizers in their belongings. Some frequently wash their hands. Those behaviors that have been exhibited
due to the fear of Covid-19 Virus These behaviors are?
A) Normal. Because this has been practiced before covid era.
B) Abnormal. This is showing implication of obsessive-compulsive disorder related to covid
C) Normal. Especially during abnormal situations.
D) Abnormal. Anxiety has been prevalent during this time.
C) Normal. Especially during abnormal situations.
This is the result of the work done by Dorothea Dix.
A) Mental illness can be cured since it is caused by the environment.
B) People started to treat people in asylum humanely
C) Influx people getting admitted and causing an understaffed asylum.
D) It became the start of moral therapy.
C) Influx people getting admitted and causing an understaffed asylum.
All of the following describe abnormal behavior except for one.
A) Deviates from mainstream culture.
B) Cause of significant distress to the person or to others.
C) Poses danger or threat to others.
D) Cause significant impairment in functioning.
A) Deviates from mainstream culture.
This term has been developed in psychology in which it suggests that we should consider numerous causes of a particular disorder.
A) Equivocacy
B) Equivalence
C) Equitability
D) Equifinality
D) Equifinality
Validity is for_____ while Reliability is _____
A) Consistency: Accuracy
B) Accuracy: Consistency
C) Standardization: Norming
D) Projective test: IQ Test
B) Accuracy: Consistency
This step has been used further in diagnosis by direct observation to assess an individual’s thoughts, feelings, and behavior in specific situations or contexts.
A) Physical Examination
B) Projective test
C) Behavioral Assessment
D) Semi-structured interview
C) Behavioral Assessment
This type of test gives emphasis about our ambiguous stimuli that is why answers may defer to people.
A) Personality test
B) IQ test
C) Projective Test
D) Neuropsychological test
C) Projective Test
This has been used by many clinicians to organize information they obtain during interviews.
A) Interview
B) Mental Status Exam
C) Referral
D) Sensorium
B) Mental Status Exam
How can the etiology of a disorder help in its treatment?
A) By identifying the symptoms of the disorder
B) By understanding the cause, leading to targeted treatments
C) By predicting the distribution of the disease
D) By identifying the signs and manifestations of disorder
B) By understanding the cause, leading to targeted treatments
Which of the following definitions of mental disorder is currently thought best?
A) personal distress
B) harmful dysfunction
C) norm violation
D) none of the above
D) none of the above
Which of the following statements is TRUE
A) Nicholas Oresme is credited with beginning moral treatment in the US
B) Hippocrates was one of the first to propose that mental illness had a biological cause
C) Nearly all of the people persecuted as witches were mentally ill
D) Hysteria is the term derived from the ideas of paracelsus
B) Hippocrates was one of the first to propose that mental illness had a biological cause
These treatments were developed to balance the humors in the body
A) Acupuncture
B) Exorcism
C) Sedatives
D) Bloodletting
D) Bloodletting
Kiara’s unemployed husband spent his life chasing other women other than his wife. Kiara, happily divorced for years, can’t understand why the smell of her husband’s brand of deodorant causes her to
become nauseated. Which influence best explains her response?
A) Behavioral
B) Biological
C) Emotional
D) Developmental
A) Behavioral
A 30-year-old man arrives at the urgent care clinic with a sudden shortness of breath and wheezing. He has a history of asthma but has not had an attack in several years. This is an example of
A) Prevalence
B) Prognosis
C) Insidious onset
D) Acute onset
D) Acute onset
Dora, a project manager is leading a team through a challenging project with a tight deadline. The team
members are stressed and there are frequent conflicts regarding task responsibilities. Dora’s calm demeanor can help soothe the team’s anxiety, providing a stabilizing presence that reduces stress. Identify Dora’s personality trait.
A) Choleric
B) Phlegmatic
C) Sanguine
D) Melancholic
B) Phlegmatic
At almost every family gathering, Hippocrates becomes the life of a party.
A) Choleric
B) Phlegmatic
C) Sanguine
D) Melancholic
C) Sanguine
Phoebe claims to be a famous celebrity, asserting that she is constantly being followed by paparazzi and
recognized by fans, even though no one else perceives this.
A) Hallucinations
B) Delusions
C) Delusions of grandeur
D) Delusions of persecution
C) Delusions of grandeur
Seraya believes that Chloe and April are secretly monitoring her every move and reporting her to the Dean’s Office.
A) Hallucinations
B) Delusions
C) Delusions of grandeur
D) Delusions of persecution
D) Delusions of persecution
Which neurotransmitter is most closely linked to the regulation of mood, sleep, and appetite?
A) Norepinephrine
B) Acetylcholine
C) Serotonin
D) Dopamine
C) Serotonin
GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) primarily has what type of effect on the nervous system?
A) Excitatory
B) Inhibitory
C) Both excitatory and inhibitory
D) No effect
B) Inhibitory
It involves in preparing the body for stress-related activities.
A) Sympathetic division
B) Parasympathetic division
C) Somatic nervous system
D) Autonomic nervous system
A) Sympathetic division
Leanna loses her phone privileges for a week after coming home past her curfew.
A) Positive Reinforcement
B) Negative Reinforcement
C) Positive Punishment
D) Negative Punishment
D) Negative Punishment
Jude hears the sound of a bell everyday before lunch. Overtime, he begins to feel hungry when he hears the bell, even if lunch is not immediately served. Identify the Conditioned Stimulus in the scenario.
A) Hearing the sound of the bell
B) Feeling hungry
C) Everyday before lunch
D) The sight of food
A) Hearing the sound of the bell
In the context of the history of psychopathology, what does the term “moral treatment” refer to?
A) Treating patients with medication
B) Using punitive measures to correct behavior
C) Providing humane and respectful care
D) Employing surgical interventions
C) Providing humane and respectful care
Julia has frequent intrusive thoughts about germs and contamination which led her to engage in
repetitive hand washing rituals.
A) Behavioral influence
B) Biological influence
C) Social influence
D) Developmental influence
A) Behavioral influence
When a disorder improves or recovers in a relatively short time with no signs of recurrence, it is said to be ____.
A) Chronic
B) Time- limited
C) Acute
D) Episodic
B) Time- limited
He is the founder of the practice of hypnotism
A) Franz Anton Mesmer
B) Sigmund Freud
C) Jean-Martin Charcot
D) Joseph Breuer
A) Franz Anton Mesmer
Which of the following statements is true about the integrative approach to treating depression
A) It involves only cognitive-behavioral therapy
B) It may include psychotherapy, medication, support and lifestyle changes
C) It focuses on the patient’s childhood experiences
D) It emphasizes the role of neurotransmitters
B) It may include psychotherapy, medication, support and lifestyle changes
Which of the following neurotransmitters is known for its role in inhibiting neural activity and reducing anxiety?
A) Beta-endorphin
B) Norepinephrine
C) Dopamine
D) GABA
D) GABA
Which neurotransmitter is responsible for muscle action, learning and memory?
A) Dopamine
B) Glutamate
C) Acetylcholine
D) Norepinephrine
C) Acetylcholine
Marjorie repeatedly fails her Abnormal Psychology tests despite studying hard. She begins to believe that no matter how much she tries, she will always fail.
A) Conditioning
B) Learned helplessness
C) Prepared learning
D) Social learning
B) Learned helplessness
Alfie often watches violent movies and has older siblings who display aggressive behaviors at home. At school, he has exhibited aggressive behavior like hitting his classmates and shouting at the teachers.
A) Conditioning
B) Learned helplessness
C) Prepared learning
D) Social learning
D) Social learning
Which of the following statements is FALSE
A) It is true that Freud teamed up with Breuer and experimented with hypnosis
B) It is false that Charcot demonstrated mesmerism as an effective approach to psychological disorders
C) It is true that the Mental Hygiene Movement led to inadequate hospital staff.
D) It is false that the physical interventions of electric shock and brain surgery were discovered as an accident
B) It is false that Charcot demonstrated mesmerism as an effective approach to psychological disorders
Which of the following statements is TRUE
A) It is true that a normal cell has a total of 23 chromosomes
B) It is false that the sex chromosomes determine our trait and gender
C) It is true that a recessive gene is one of a pair of genes that strongly influences a particular trait
D) It is false that mother contributes an X chromosome and father contributes a Y chromosome
B) It is false that the sex chromosomes determine our trait and gender
Seraya was sent to her room with no supper after giving a bad report card
A) Positive Reinforcement
B) Negative Reinforcement
C) Positive Punishment
D) Negative Punishment
D) Negative Punishment
Julliana has a terrible headache after intense preparation for the P1 exams. She took two biogesic to make it go away. She feels so much better.
A) Positive Reinforcement
B) Negative Reinforcement
C) Positive Punishment
D) Negative Punishment
B) Negative Reinforcement
In conducting an observation of an individual’s behavior, It refers to the general awareness of one’s
surroundings
A) Intellectual functioning
B) Mood and Affect
C) Thought process.
D) Sensorium
D) Sensorium
Among the components of the mental status exam, which one checks the continuity of speech?
A) Intellectual functioning
B) Mood and Affect
C) Thought process.
D) Sensorium
C) Thought process.
