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Physics GCSE Y11 (F) > P2: Electricity > Flashcards

P2: Electricity Flashcards

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1
Q

Describe how you could investigate how the pd through a filament lamp affects its current.

A
  • Attach in series a variable resistor, ammeter, and bulb, and a voltmeter in parallel with the bulb.
  • Take current readings with the ammeter as you alter the pd across the bulb (measured with the voltmeter) using the variable resistor.
  • Turn the circuit off between readings to stop the wire heating up.
  • Plot the pd (independent variable) against the current (dependent variable) on a graph.
  • Control variables: component under investigation, type of wire, cell/battery and other components.
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2
Q

Draw a circuit diagram with a cell, bulb, ammeter and a voltmeter

A

The voltmeter always goes on a seperate loop (branch) to the bulb. The ammeter is in the same loop

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3
Q

What is the green + yellow wire?

A

Earth

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4
Q

What happens if you touch the live wire?

A
  • A large pd is produced across your body
  • A current flows through you
  • Causes an injuring/lethal electric shock
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5
Q

What is the purpose of the live wire?

A

Provides the alternating potential difference flowing to the fuse.

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6
Q

What is charge flow?

A

The total charge which has passed through a circuit in a given time.

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7
Q

What is current?

A

Rate of flow of charge.

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8
Q

What is the blue wire?

A

Neutral

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9
Q

What is direct current (d.c.)?

A
  • Current flows in one direction around the circuit, due to a direct pd.
  • Supplied by cells and batteries.
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10
Q

What colour is the earth wire?

A

Green + yellow

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11
Q

Give three uses of LDRs.

A
  1. Automatic night lights
  2. Outdoor lighting
  3. Burglar detectors.
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12
Q

What is the unit for charge flow?

A

Coulombs (C)

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13
Q

Describe how you would investigate how wire length affects resistance.

A
  • Connect an ammeter in series with a test wire, using crocodile clips to attach the wire to the test wire. Connect a voltmeter in parallel to the test wire.
  • Place the 0cm mark on a metre ruler level with one clip, and attach the other clip a set distance away, recording the length of the wire between the clips.
  • Record the current through the wire (ammeter) and pd across it (voltmeter).
  • Open the switch and move the 2nd clip further down the metre ruler, again measuring the length between clips. Repeat step 3 with several different wire lengths.
  • Turn off the circuit between readings to stop the wire heating.
  • Use R = V/I to calculate the resistance for each length of wire, then plot the wire length against resistance. The graph should show a directly proportional relationship.
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14
Q

What equation links voltage, current and resistance?

A

V = IR

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15
Q

Describe how the graph for an ohmic conductor would look. What would this show?

A

It would be a straight line which passes through the origin ([0,0]).

This shows that, at a constant temperature, the current flowing through an ohmic conductor is directly proportional to the pd across it.

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16
Q

What is the frequency of UK mains electricity?

A

50Hz.

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17
Q

As temperature increases, the resistance of thermistors __ - and vice versa.

A

As temperature increases, the resistance of thermistors decreases - and vice versa.

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18
Q

What is potential difference?

A

Energy transferred per unit charge.

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19
Q

What are ohmic conductors?

A

Components which follow Ohm’s law (V=IR). This includes wires and resistors. Their resistance is constant and doesn’t vary with current.

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20
Q

Draw the circuit symbol for a fuse

A
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21
Q

Draw the circuit diagram for an ammeter

A
22
Q

Why do we need step-down transformers?

A

Electricity has to be reduced to mains pd (230V) to be safe and usable.

23
Q

Draw the electric field around a negative charge

A
24
Q

Draw a cell symbol

A
25
Q

What is power and its unit and symbol?

A

Rate of energy transfer to charges. Unit = watts (W); symbol = P.

26
Q

Draw the circuit symbol for a diode

A
27
Q

Draw the IV graph for a diode

A
28
Q

What happens at step-down transformers?

A

Pd lowered, current increased.

29
Q

What equation links energy, voltage and charge flow?

A

Energy = charge x potential difference

30
Q

What happens at step-up transformers?

A

Pd increased, current lowered.

31
Q

Draw the IV graph for a filament lamp

A
32
Q

What is the brown wire?

A

Live

33
Q

What is the purpose of the earth wire?

A

Protects the circuit and stops the appliance casing from becoming live. Only carries current if there is a fault.

34
Q

Draw the circuit symbol for a light emitting diode (LED)

A
35
Q

Draw the circuit symbol for a thermistor

A
36
Q

UK mains supply is at __V to -__V.

A
  1. 230
  2. -230
37
Q

What is the unit for resistance?

A

The ohm (Ω).

38
Q

Draw the circuit symbol for resistor

A
39
Q

Draw the circuit symbol for a battery

A
40
Q

Draw the circuit symbol for a light dependent resistor (LDR)

A
41
Q

What is alternating current (a.c.)?

A
  • Current alternates direction.
  • Caused by a pd where the positive and negative ends alternate.
42
Q

What colour is the neutral wire?

A

Blue

43
Q

The length of a wire is directly proportional to its what?

A

Resistance.

44
Q

UK mains electricity is an __ supply.

A

A.c.

45
Q

Draw the circuit symbol for a lamp (bulb)

A
46
Q

What colour is the live wire?

A

Brown

47
Q

What equation links current, time and charge flow?

A

charge = current x time

48
Q

What is the purpose of the neutral wire?

A

Completes the circuit; carries current away.

49
Q

What is resistance? What causes it?

A

Something that opposes flow of charge, transferring energy away as heat.

Caused by electrons colliding with each other and the wire.

50
Q

What is the national grid?

A

A system of cables and transformers, transferring electrical power from stations to consumers.

51
Q

Draw the circuit symbol for a voltmeter

A

Physics GCSE Y11 (F) (9 decks)

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