P2 - Abnormal - Psychological Treatments

Question 2

what is the issue for cognitive

Answer 2

depression is very common
280m in the world have depression according to WHO
what system can give the least amount of side effects?

Question 3

what is CBT based on?

Answer 3

Beck’s Cognitive Triad - negative views of self, experiences and future.

therapist helps a client to change negative thought pattrns

Question 4

how is CBT used?

Answer 4

client learns to identify unhealthy thoughts and behaviours
confronts thoughts of low self worth
12-20 weekly sessions

Question 5

what is maladaptive thinking?

Answer 5

patient accepts their thinking is false
patient recognises this, considers alternative ways of thinking,
patient decides whether false thoughts are backed by reality

Question 6

what does the therapist give the client?

Answer 6

gratitude journal,
daily exercise
socialising

Question 7

what is internet based therapy?

Answer 7

overcomes obstacles such as geographical distance, social stigma, cost of treatment, insufficient numbers of mental healthcare providers

Question 8

what is the research support for CBT

Answer 8

titov (2009)

Question 9

what is the aim of titov?

Answer 9

to determine efficiacy of internet-based-clincian-assisted-computerised-cognitive-behavioural-treatment (CaCCBT) programme for depression

Question 10

procedure of titov

Answer 10

45 individuals who met the diagnostic criteria were randomly assigned to Sadness Programme or a waitlist control group
Sadness Programe – 6 online sessions, weekly homework, weekly email contact with psychologist, moderated online discussion forum

Question 11

findings of titov

Answer 11

74% treatment group participants completed all lessons within 8 week programme
Treatment group participants – significantly reduced symptoms of depression as measured by Beck Depression Inventory
Participants found treatment programme acceptable and satisfactory

Question 12

conclusion of titov

Answer 12

Results replicate from researchers pilot trail and are consistent with internet based programmes and clinical guidance can result in improvements.
Data provides further support for the development of internet based treatment

Question 13

strengths of titov

Answer 13

+ recent study so it has temporal validity
+ pilot study adds reliability and validity to the findings
+ used universal classifiying technique – increases internal validity
+ real world implications

Question 14

weakeness of titov

Answer 14

• Small sample size
• Self answer questionare – social desirability bias
• Ethical issue – waitlist
• Not all participants completed the course
• Paxlin 2013 – therapists who were more flexible with deadlines had less improvement = extraneous variables

Question 15

what is mindfulness based therapy

Answer 15

aimed to develop one’s mental and emotional state. focused on here and now
guides patients to live in the movement

Question 16

what is narrative focus?

Answer 16

self reference to experiences to the past ‘i will always be a failure’

Question 17

what is experential focus?

Answer 17

momentary self reference focused on the present ‘emotions will pass’

Question 18

what does MBCT consist of

Answer 18

8 weeks of group based therapy, breathing exercsises and body awareness, homework such as meditating or doing yoga

Question 19

research support for MBCT

Answer 19

Mason and Hargreaves (2001)

Question 20

aim of mason and hargreaves?

Answer 20

to investigate the therapeautic benefits of MBCT from the patient’s subjective perspective, hoping to understand what makes MBCT work

Question 21

procedure of mason and hargreaves

Answer 21

7 participants who had an MBCT treatment had unstructured interviews with open ended questions
Responses were written in verbatim and coded into categories based off the data
Main catgeories related to how participabts understood themselves and how mindfulbess helped them manage their depression.

Question 22

findings of mason and hargreaves

Answer 22

MBCT helped individuals with depression ‘come to terms’ with their depression by: development of mindfulness skills, attitude of acceptance, being able to ‘live in the moment’

Question 23

conclusions of mason and hargreaves

Answer 23

Helped participants come to terms with their depression bu internalising skills, and by changing their own attitudes

Question 24

strengths of mason and hargreaves

Answer 24

+ early detection of depression and provides them skills to work through a depressive episode
+ open ended/ inductive content analysis allowed for rich data
+ verbatim – accurate and reliable
+ Holzel et al (2011) = MRI scanning to show participants had neuron density changes in the amygdala after MBCT course – linked to emotional processing

Question 25

weaknesses of mason and hargreaves

Answer 25

• Very small sample
• No long term predictions
• No comparisons, no before and after
• Requires work and engagement