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P2 Flashcards

1
Q

A 45 years old man presents to the emergency department with a 2 week history of diarrhea…..

A

Eosinophils

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2
Q

During an inflammatory response, what is the correct order of cellular events?

A

Increased production of neutrophils

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3
Q

You were observing a blood typing procedure in which a blood sample was taken from a volunteer who wishes to donate blood in a medical facility. The blood was tested positive for an “anti-B” antibody. This could mean that:

A

The volunteer has blood type A

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4
Q

Each hemoglobin molecule can become associated with ____ oxygen molecule.

A

four

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5
Q

Which of these stomach cell types is not correctly matched with its function?

A

CHIEF CELLS- PRODUCE INTRINSIC FACTOR

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6
Q

Why doesn’t the stomach digest itself?

A

The stomach wall is protected by large amounts of mucus

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7
Q

The resulting distension of the rectal wall stimulates stretch receptors, which initiates a ___ reflex that empties to the rectum.

A

Defecation

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8
Q

During the ___ phase of swallowing, a bolus of food is moved by the tongue form the oral cavity to the pharynx.

A

voluntary

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9
Q

Digestion of proteins begins in the stomach. Trypsin secreted by the stomach catalyzes the protein.

A

First statement is true. Second statement is false.

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10
Q

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events leading to blood clothing?

A

Vasoconstriction, platelet aggregation, coagulation

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11
Q

Which of the following statements regarding native immunity is false?

A

Does not require stimulus

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12
Q

Some of the leukocytes have granules in their cytosol that consist of a variety of chemicals involved in defending the body. Which of the following cells typically DO NOT contain granules?

A

lymphocytes

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13
Q

Sucrose:

A

1 glucose + fructose

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14
Q

During the ___phase, there is an involuntary passage of the bolus through the esophagus into the stomach.

A

p esophageal

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15
Q

The hormone that serve as the principal stimulus for RBC production is:

A

erythropoietin

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16
Q

Which of the following leukocytes have the ability to produce antibodies?

A

B lymphocytes

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17
Q

The most numerous type of white blood cells, whose primary function is phagocytosis is:

A

neutrophils

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18
Q

These events can be observed in the presence of inflammation, EXCEPT:

A

movement of neutrophils

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19
Q

Which of the following describes an artificial active type of immunity?

A

Hepatitis A booster shots taken two months after medical check-up.

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20
Q

Red blood cells:

A

are anucleated cells

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21
Q

Normally, the movement of the contents of the gastrointestinal tract is slowest along this segment.

A

stomach

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22
Q

Neural control of the gastrointestinal tract is called the:

A

Enteric Nervous System

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23
Q

Which of the following is blood clothing disorder:

A

Hemophilia

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24
Q

Excessive erythrocytes result in:

A

Polycythemia

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25
Q

Which of the following is NOT true of WBCS:

A

they initiate the clotting process

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26
Q

Which of the following represents the proper sequence of hemostasis:

A

vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, coagulation

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27
Q

The body’s first line of defense against the invasion of disease-causing microorganism is:

A

skin and mucous membrane

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28
Q

Which of the following is NOT true of macrophages:

A

they secrete monokines

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29
Q

Which of the following alimentary segments has no digestive function:

A

esophagus

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30
Q

The primary function of the small intestine is:

A

absorption of nutrients

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31
Q

Build up of bile within the liver leading to pigments circulating through the body could cause tissues to turn yellow and a condition called:

A

jaundice

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32
Q

Digestion is primarily controlled by the:

A

Parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system

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33
Q

The process by which food within the small intestine is mixed with digestive juices by backward and forward movement across the internal wall of the organ is called:

A

Chemical digestion

34
Q

Which of the following is NOT a main role of the liver:

A

To add ammonia to the blood

35
Q

Proteins are digested to their building blocks which are called:

A

Amino acids

36
Q

The hormone is responsible for causing the stomach to release pepsinogens, mucus, and hydrochloric acid is:

A

Gastrin

37
Q

The liver metabolizes fats for all of the following reasons EXCEPT:

A

Synthesizes of vitamin K

38
Q

Acidosis (ketoacidosis) occurs when ___ is digested.

A

fat

39
Q

Amylase is an enzyme that is only able to digest.

A

Starch

40
Q

The juxtamedullary cells of the ___ and the macula densa cells of the ___ for the juxtaglomerular apparatus.

A

AFFERENT ARTERIOLE , DISTAL CONVOLUTED TUBULE

41
Q

The amount of plasma that enters the Bowman’s Capsule per minute is the:

A

Glomerular filtration rate

42
Q

Which of these conditions reduces filtration pressure in the glomerulus?

A

constriction of the afferent arterioles

43
Q

The greatest volume of water is reabsorbed from the nephron by the:

A

proximal convoluted tubule

44
Q

Water leaves the nephron by:

A

osmosis

45
Q

Which of these ions is used to symport amino acid, glucose, and other solutes through the apical membrane of nephron epithelial cells?

A

Sodium

46
Q

Increased aldosterone causes:

A

increase reabsorption of sodium

47
Q

At which of these sites is the osmolality of the filtrate at it’s lowest (lowest concentration)?

A

Initial section of the distal convoluted tubule

48
Q

What does a buffer system mean?

A

all of these are correct

49
Q

An increase in blood carbon dioxide levels is followed by a (n) ____ in H+ and an (n) ___ in blood ph.

A

increase, decrease

50
Q

The site of spermatogenesis in the male is the:

A

seminiferous tubules

51
Q

Given the structures:

A

rete testis, efferent tubules, epididymis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct

52
Q

Which of these glands is correctly matched with the function of its secretions?

A

all of these are correct

53
Q

Luteinizing hormone in the male stimulates the:

A

testosterone production

54
Q

After ovulation, the mature follicle collapses, taking a yellowish appearance to become the:

A

corpus luteum

55
Q

The layer of the uterus that undergoes the greatest change during the menstrual cycle is the:

A

endometrium

56
Q

During the sexual excitement, which of these structures fills with blood and causes the vaginal opening to narrow?

A

bulbs of the vestibule

57
Q

In the average adult female, ovulation occurs at day __ of the menstrual cycle.

A

14 days

58
Q

During the proliferative phase of the menstrual one would normally except:

A

All of these are correct

59
Q

The causes of menses in the menstrual cycle appears to be:

A

decreased progesterone secretion by the ovary

60
Q

After fertilization, the successful development of a mature, full term fetus depends on:

A

both a and b

61
Q

Urine passes through the ureters by which mechanism.

A

peristalsis

62
Q

In the carbonic-bicarbonate buffer system, strong acids are buffered by

A

bicarbonate ion

63
Q

Which of the following are accessory sex structures in the male?

A

seminal glands

64
Q

All of the following are true of the gonadotrophins except that they are:

A

the sex hormones secreted by the gonads

65
Q

The usual and most desirable presentation for birth is:

A

vertex

66
Q

During human embryonic development, organesisis occurs

A

during the 1st trimester

67
Q

Which of the following terms describes location of the kidney?

A

retroperitoneal

68
Q

Which of the following substances is normally found in the urine?

A

creatinine

69
Q

The approximate area between the anus and clitoris in the female is the:

A

peritoneum

70
Q

All are characteristics of blastocyst, except:

A

can detect readiness of uterine endometrium

71
Q

The most potent of all mechanisms and substances that the body use to regulate blood bH are:

A

respiratory system controls

72
Q

The largest source causing the water out of the bosy is:

A

urine

73
Q

Which of the following statements is are correct?

A

Chloride is the chief anion in extracellular fluid

74
Q

The myometrium is the muscular layer of the uterus, and the endomentrium is the __ layers.

A

mucosa

75
Q

Which of the following are correct statemnts about the cervix, except?

A

It is the superior most part of the uterus

76
Q

Which of the following attach to the ovary?

A

ovarian ligament

77
Q

The outer layer of the blastocyst, which attaches the the uterine walls, is the

A

trophoblast

78
Q

After ovulation, the ruptured follicle:

A

becomes a corpus luteum

79
Q

Which of the follwing causes the release of renin which further leads to increase in blood pressure?

A

Stretch from the mechanoreceptors

80
Q

What enzyme is expressed in the pulmonary circulation as it cascades from the kidney?

A

angiostensin-converting enzyme

81
Q

All of the following causes the increase in blood pressure with the use of angiotensin II, except.

A

prevention of release of vasopressin

P2 P2 P2 (2 decks)

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