P2 Flashcards by Kyle Jane Regulacion

A 45 years old man presents to the emergency department with a 2 week history of diarrhea…..

Eosinophils

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During an inflammatory response, what is the correct order of cellular events?

Increased production of neutrophils

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You were observing a blood typing procedure in which a blood sample was taken from a volunteer who wishes to donate blood in a medical facility. The blood was tested positive for an “anti-B” antibody. This could mean that:

The volunteer has blood type A

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Each hemoglobin molecule can become associated with ____ oxygen molecule.

four

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Which of these stomach cell types is not correctly matched with its function?

CHIEF CELLS- PRODUCE INTRINSIC FACTOR

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Why doesn’t the stomach digest itself?

The stomach wall is protected by large amounts of mucus

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The resulting distension of the rectal wall stimulates stretch receptors, which initiates a ___ reflex that empties to the rectum.

Defecation

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During the ___ phase of swallowing, a bolus of food is moved by the tongue form the oral cavity to the pharynx.

voluntary

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Digestion of proteins begins in the stomach. Trypsin secreted by the stomach catalyzes the protein.

First statement is true. Second statement is false.

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Which of the following is the correct sequence of events leading to blood clothing?

Vasoconstriction, platelet aggregation, coagulation

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Which of the following statements regarding native immunity is false?

Does not require stimulus

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Some of the leukocytes have granules in their cytosol that consist of a variety of chemicals involved in defending the body. Which of the following cells typically DO NOT contain granules?

lymphocytes

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Sucrose:

1 glucose + fructose

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During the ___phase, there is an involuntary passage of the bolus through the esophagus into the stomach.

p esophageal

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The hormone that serve as the principal stimulus for RBC production is:

erythropoietin

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Which of the following leukocytes have the ability to produce antibodies?

B lymphocytes

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The most numerous type of white blood cells, whose primary function is phagocytosis is:

neutrophils

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These events can be observed in the presence of inflammation, EXCEPT:

movement of neutrophils

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Which of the following describes an artificial active type of immunity?

Hepatitis A booster shots taken two months after medical check-up.

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Red blood cells:

are anucleated cells

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Normally, the movement of the contents of the gastrointestinal tract is slowest along this segment.

stomach

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Neural control of the gastrointestinal tract is called the:

Enteric Nervous System

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Which of the following is blood clothing disorder:

Hemophilia

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Excessive erythrocytes result in:

Polycythemia

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Which of the following is NOT true of WBCS:

they initiate the clotting process

Which of the following represents the proper sequence of hemostasis:

vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, coagulation

The body's first line of defense against the invasion of disease-causing microorganism is:

skin and mucous membrane

Which of the following is NOT true of macrophages:

they secrete monokines

Which of the following alimentary segments has no digestive function:

esophagus

The primary function of the small intestine is:

absorption of nutrients

Build up of bile within the liver leading to pigments circulating through the body could cause tissues to turn yellow and a condition called:

jaundice

Digestion is primarily controlled by the:

Parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system

The process by which food within the small intestine is mixed with digestive juices by backward and forward movement across the internal wall of the organ is called:

Chemical digestion

Which of the following is NOT a main role of the liver:

To add ammonia to the blood

Proteins are digested to their building blocks which are called:

Amino acids

The hormone is responsible for causing the stomach to release pepsinogens, mucus, and hydrochloric acid is:

Gastrin

The liver metabolizes fats for all of the following reasons EXCEPT:

Synthesizes of vitamin K

Acidosis (ketoacidosis) occurs when ___ is digested.

fat

Amylase is an enzyme that is only able to digest.

Starch

The juxtamedullary cells of the ___ and the macula densa cells of the ___ for the juxtaglomerular apparatus.

AFFERENT ARTERIOLE , DISTAL CONVOLUTED TUBULE

The amount of plasma that enters the Bowman's Capsule per minute is the:

Glomerular filtration rate

Which of these conditions reduces filtration pressure in the glomerulus?

constriction of the afferent arterioles

The greatest volume of water is reabsorbed from the nephron by the:

proximal convoluted tubule

Water leaves the nephron by:

osmosis

Which of these ions is used to symport amino acid, glucose, and other solutes through the apical membrane of nephron epithelial cells?

Sodium

Increased aldosterone causes:

increase reabsorption of sodium

At which of these sites is the osmolality of the filtrate at it's lowest (lowest concentration)?

Initial section of the distal convoluted tubule

What does a buffer system mean?

all of these are correct

An increase in blood carbon dioxide levels is followed by a (n) ____ in H+ and an (n) ___ in blood ph.

increase, decrease

The site of spermatogenesis in the male is the:

seminiferous tubules

Given the structures:

rete testis, efferent tubules, epididymis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct

Which of these glands is correctly matched with the function of its secretions?

all of these are correct

Luteinizing hormone in the male stimulates the:

testosterone production

After ovulation, the mature follicle collapses, taking a yellowish appearance to become the:

corpus luteum

The layer of the uterus that undergoes the greatest change during the menstrual cycle is the:

endometrium

During the sexual excitement, which of these structures fills with blood and causes the vaginal opening to narrow?

bulbs of the vestibule

In the average adult female, ovulation occurs at day __ of the menstrual cycle.

14 days

During the proliferative phase of the menstrual one would normally except:

All of these are correct

The causes of menses in the menstrual cycle appears to be:

decreased progesterone secretion by the ovary

After fertilization, the successful development of a mature, full term fetus depends on:

both a and b

Urine passes through the ureters by which mechanism.

peristalsis

In the carbonic-bicarbonate buffer system, strong acids are buffered by

bicarbonate ion

Which of the following are accessory sex structures in the male?

seminal glands

All of the following are true of the gonadotrophins except that they are:

the sex hormones secreted by the gonads

The usual and most desirable presentation for birth is:

vertex

During human embryonic development, organesisis occurs

during the 1st trimester

Which of the following terms describes location of the kidney?

retroperitoneal

Which of the following substances is normally found in the urine?

creatinine

The approximate area between the anus and clitoris in the female is the:

peritoneum

All are characteristics of blastocyst, except:

can detect readiness of uterine endometrium

The most potent of all mechanisms and substances that the body use to regulate blood bH are:

respiratory system controls

The largest source causing the water out of the bosy is:

urine

Which of the following statements is are correct?

Chloride is the chief anion in extracellular fluid

The myometrium is the muscular layer of the uterus, and the endomentrium is the __ layers.

mucosa

Which of the following are correct statemnts about the cervix, except?

It is the superior most part of the uterus

Which of the following attach to the ovary?

ovarian ligament

The outer layer of the blastocyst, which attaches the the uterine walls, is the

trophoblast

After ovulation, the ruptured follicle:

becomes a corpus luteum

Which of the follwing causes the release of renin which further leads to increase in blood pressure?

Stretch from the mechanoreceptors

What enzyme is expressed in the pulmonary circulation as it cascades from the kidney?

angiostensin-converting enzyme

All of the following causes the increase in blood pressure with the use of angiotensin II, except.

prevention of release of vasopressin

P2 Flashcards

(81 cards)