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P1 AND P2 Flashcards

1
Q

Study of how the body and its parts work of function.

A

Physiology

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2
Q

Forms the external body covering skin and includes hair and fingernails

A

Integumentary System

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3
Q

Consists of bones, cartilages, ligaments and joints

A

skeletal system

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4
Q

protects and supports body organs

A

skeletal system

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5
Q

allows manipulation of the environment, locomotion, and facial expression, maintains posture; procedures heat.

A

muscular system

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6
Q

includes the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder and urethra

A

urinary system

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7
Q

Include testes, scrotum, penis for males, and ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus for females.

A

Reproductive system

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8
Q

Includes the oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestine.

A

Digestive System

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9
Q

Includes lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, and lymphoid organs.

A

Lymphatic System

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10
Q

it is chemical reaction within body such as breaking down complex molecules into smaller ones and building large molecules from smaller ones.

A

metabolism

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11
Q

Eliminates waste from metabolic reactions. wastes may be removed in urine, fecet or sweat.

A

excretion

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12
Q

Chemicals used for energy and cell building include carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins and minerals.

A

Nutrients

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13
Q

Close to the origin of the body part or point of attachment to a limb to the body trunk.

A

Proximal

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14
Q

Farther from the origin of the body part or point of attachment to a limb to the body trunk.

A

distal

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15
Q

Towards or at the midline of the body; on the inner side of.

A

medial

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16
Q

Away from the midline of the body; on the outerside of.

A

Lateral

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17
Q

It divides the body or organ into superior and inferior parts.

A

transverse

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18
Q

It divides the body or organ into anterior and posterior parts.

A

Frontal

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19
Q

This section divides the body or organ into left and right parts.

A

sagittal

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20
Q

THis cavity is superior to the diaphragm. It houses the heart, lungs and other organs.

A

Thoracic

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21
Q

This cavity is inferior to the diaphragm, it contains the stomach, liver and other organs.

A

Abdominopelvic

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22
Q

Maintenance of relatively stable internal conditions. Necessary for normal body functioning and sustain life.

A

homeostasis

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23
Q

Includes most homeostatic control mechanism. Works like a household thermostat.

A

Negative feedback

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24
Q

This feedback occurs in a faster rate and in blood clotting and during the birth of a baby.

A

Positive feedback

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25
Q

Study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts.

A

Anatomy

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26
Q

What is the smallest unit of matter?

A

Atom

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27
Q

Which subatomic particle has no electric charge?

A

neutron

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28
Q

Which of the statements are false?

A

A neutron has one positive charge

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29
Q

These are formed when atoms shared one or more pairs of electrons

A

covalent bonds

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30
Q

Which of the following sttatements about ph levels are false?

A

alkalosis results if blood pH drops below 7.35

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31
Q

Often called the energy currency of cells because is capable of both storing and providing energy.

A

ATP

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32
Q

These are examples of Disaccharides, except:

A

fructose

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33
Q

What is considered the building block of proteins?

A

Amino acids

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34
Q

Which of the following statements about DNA are FALSE?

A

DNA functions outside the nucleus and carries out of orders

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35
Q

Which of the follwoing statements about cellular energy are FALSE?

A

When the high energy bonds of ADP are released

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36
Q

These are the sites of protein synthesis in a cell.

A

ribosomes

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37
Q

This is the site of aerobic respiration and ATP synthesis.

A

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

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38
Q

This is the largest organelle, sorrounded by the nuclear envelope.

A

nucleus

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39
Q

These are membranous sacs that contain acid hydrolases, a powerful digestive enzyme.

A

lysosomes

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40
Q

Which type of passive transport is a selective process in which the membrane allows only selective molecules and ions to pass through it?

A

facilitated diffusion

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41
Q

Which type of transport involves help from ATP to move subtances in or out of cells “in bulks” without actually crossing the plasma membrane directly.?

A

Vesicular Transport

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42
Q

Which of the following statements regarding cell division are FALSE?

A

Mitosis produces cell that are genetically impulse

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43
Q

Which of the following terms describes cardiac muscle?

A

Intercalated discs

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44
Q

This term refers to permanent tightening of the skin affecting the underlying tendons or muscles?

A

Contracture

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45
Q

Which type of cartilage is the most abundant and widespread and usually covers both ends of a joint?

A

Hyaline Cartilage

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46
Q

Which type of tissue forms the subcutaneous tissue beneath the skin and insulates the body from both heat and cold?

A

Adipose tissue

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47
Q

Which of the following statements bout muscle tissue is FALSE?

A

Smooth muscle is so called because striations are visible.

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48
Q

This type of tissue has two major functional characteristics irritability and conductivity.

A

Nervous tissue

49
Q

What is the general body response that attempts to prevent further injury?

A

Pyrexia/ Fever

50
Q
A
51
Q

This term refers to a decrease in the size of a cell that loses its normal stimulation;

A

Atrophy

52
Q

. The outer layer of the skin is the

A

Epidermis

53
Q

The mechanism of heat loss that depends upon evaporation

A

Sweating

54
Q

The protein in epidermal cells that makes the skin relatively waterproof is:

A

keratin

55
Q

The tissue that stores fat in subcutaneous tissue is:

A

adipose tissue

56
Q

The glands of the skin that are most concerned with the maintenance of body temperature are:

A

eccrine

57
Q

In the dermis, the receptors for pain are:

A

free nerve endings

58
Q

Vitamin D is formed in the skin when the skin is exposed to:

A

UV rays

59
Q

The protein that protects inner living skin from the damaging effects of ultraviolet rays is:

A

Melanin

60
Q

The layer of skin that, if unbroken, prevents the entry of most pathogens is the:

A

Stratum corneum

61
Q

. Many white blood cells, which destroy pathogens that enter breaks in the skin, are found in the:

A

areolar connective tissue

62
Q

A thin layer of connective tissue that surrounds each muscle fiber

A

Endomysium

63
Q

Structure that attaches a bone to a muscle

A

Tendon

64
Q

A connective tissue that surrounds 10-100 individual muscle fibers separating them into bundles called fascicles

A

Perimysium

65
Q

An overcoat of dense irregular connective tissue that surrounds the whole muscle

A

Epimysium

66
Q

Specialized plasma membrane of muscle cells

A

Sarcolemma

67
Q

Center part of the sarcomere that gets smaller when a muscle contracts and appears when the muscle relaxes.

A

H Zone

68
Q

. Structure that stores calcium

A

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

69
Q

Thick filament protein with a head and elongated tail, the heads form cross bridges with the thin filaments during muscle contraction.

A

Myosin

70
Q

Light area of Sarcomere

A

I BAND

71
Q

Neurotransmitter for muscle contraction

A

Acetylcholine (ACh)

72
Q

The major regions of a hair shaft include all of the following, EXCEPT:

A

external root sheath

73
Q

The dermis is

A

has two layers

74
Q

Which muscles attached to the hair follicles cause goose bumps?

A

arrector pili

75
Q

Which of the following cutaneous receptors is specialized for the reception of touch or light pressure?

A

Messiner’s corpuscle

76
Q

Which of the following is a skin sensory receptor for touch?

A

Meissner’s corpuscle

77
Q

Although the integument is covering, it is by no means simple, and some of its functions include:

A

resident macrophage-like

78
Q

The __ gland is modified sudoriferous gland that secretes wax.

A

ceruminous

79
Q

Nutrients reach the surface of the skin (epiermis) through the process of ___.

A

diffusing through the tissue fluid from blood vessels in the dermis

80
Q

The reason the hypodermis acts a shock abosorber is that ___

A

the major part of its make up is adipose

81
Q

Keratinocytes are an importsnt epidermal cell because they___

A

produce a fibrous protein

82
Q

Melanocytes and keratinocytes work together in protecting the skin from UV damage when keratinocyte__.

A

accumulate the melanin granules on their superficial portion

83
Q

The epidermis consists of five layers of cells, each layer with a distinct role to play om the health, the following layers is responsible for cell division and replacement?

A

stratum basale

84
Q

Thee integumentary system is protected by the action of cells that arise from bone marrow and migrate to the epidermis. Which of the following cells serve this function?

A

macrophages called epidermal dendritic cells

85
Q

The dermis has two major layers; which of the following constitute 80% of the dermis and is responsible for the tension lines in the skin?

A

reticular layer

86
Q

What type of bone is the “patellar”?

A

sesamoid bone

87
Q

Multiaxial joints of the body include:

A

the ankle and wrist

88
Q

What cell is responsible for secreting the matrix of the bone?

A

Osteoblast

89
Q

Which structure allows the diaphysis of the bone to increase in length until early childhood, as well as shaping the articular surfaces?

A

Epiphyseal plate

90
Q

Which of the following is NOT a function of skeletal system?

A

communication cells

91
Q

Fibrous joints are classified as___.

A

sutures, syndesmoses, and gomphoses

92
Q

Osteogenesis is the process of__.

A

bone formation

93
Q

Which bone is commonly known as the “heel bone”?

A

Calcaneus

94
Q

The suture that connects the two parietal bones together is the ___.

A

sagittal

95
Q

Bones are constantly undergoing resorption for various reasons. Which of the following cells build bone again?

A

osteoblast

96
Q

Cells that can dissolve the bony matrix.

A

osteoclasts

97
Q

The lining of the marrow cavity.

A

endosteum

98
Q

Layers of bone matrix.

A

lamellae

99
Q

Small channels that radiate through the bone.

A

canaliculi

100
Q

Cells that can build bony matrix.

A

osteoblasts

101
Q

A sarcomere is the distance between two___.

A

Z disc

102
Q

The ___ contains only the actin filament.

A

I band

103
Q

The thicker filaments are the ___ filaments.

A

myosin

104
Q

Both actin and myosin are found in the ___.

A

A band

105
Q

The myosin filaments are located in the __.

A

A band

106
Q

What structure in skeletal muscle cells functions in calcium storage?

A

mitochondria

107
Q

During muscle contraction, myosin cross bridges attach to which active sites?

A

actin filaments

108
Q

One of the following muscle types,which has only one nucleus, no sarcomere, and rare gap junctions?

A

smooth muscle

109
Q

Muscle tissue has all of the following properties, EXCEPT?

A

Secretion

110
Q

Which of the following surrounds the individual muscle cell?

A

endomysium

111
Q

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A

striated muscle cells are long and cylindrical with many nuclei

112
Q

Excitation-contraction coupling requires which of the following substances?

A

Ca2+ and ATP

113
Q

What muscle that opposes and reverses the action of another muscle?

A

Antagonist

114
Q

Muscle that aids another muscle by promoting the same environment.

A

Synergist

115
Q

Which of the following is not a member of the hamstring?

A

Gracilis

116
Q

Which of the choices below is the major muscle for breathing?

A

diaphragm

117
Q

A nursing infant develops a powerful sucking muscle that adults also use for whistling, what is this muscle called

A

buccinator

118
Q
A

P2 P2 P2 (2 decks)

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