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p1cc Flashcards

1
Q

Convert 1 L to mL
A. 100
B. 1,000
C. 10,000
D. 100,000

A

B. 1,000

Feedback

1 L (1 × 10^0) = ? mL (milli = 10^–3); move the decimal place three places to the right and it becomes 1,000 mL; reverse the process to determine the expression in L (move the decimal three places to the left of 1,000 mL to get 1 L).

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2
Q

Convert 50 mL to L

A. 0.5
B. 0.05
C. 5
D. 500

A

B. 0.05

Feedback

50 mL (milli = 10^-3 and is smaller) = ? L (larger by 10^3); move the decimal by three places to the left and it becomes 0.050 L.

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3
Q

Convert 5 dL to mL

A. 0.5
B. 50
C. 500
D. 5,000

A

C. 500

Feedback

5 dL (deci = 10^-1 and is larger) = ? mL (milli = 10^-3 and is smaller by 10^–2); move the decimal place two places to the right and it becomes 500 mL.

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4
Q

Which of the following containers is calibrated to hold only one exact volume of liquid?

A. Volumetric flask
B. Erlenmeyer flask
C. Griffin beaker
D. Graduated cylinder

A

A. Volumetric flask

Feedback

A Class A volumetric flask is calibrated to hold one exact volume of liquid (TC).

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5
Q

Which of the following standards requires that SDSs are accessible to all employees who come in contact with a hazardous compound?

A. Hazard Communication Standard
B. Bloodborne Pathogen Standard
C. CDC Regulation
D. Personal Protection Equipment Standard

A

A. Hazard Communication Standard

Feedback

In the August 1987 issue of the Federal Register, OSHA published the new Hazard Communication Standard (Right to Know Law, 29 CFR 1910.1200).

The Right to Know Law was developed for employees who may be exposed to hazardous chemicals in the workplace.

Employees must be informed of the health risks associated with those chemicals

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6
Q

Chemical should be stored:

A. According to their chemical properties and classification
B. Alphabetically, for easy accessibility
C. Inside a safety cabinet with proper ventilation
D. Inside a fume hood, if toxic vapors can be released when opened

A

A. According to their chemical properties and classification

Feedback

Arrangements for the storage of chemicals will depend on the quantities of chemicals needed and the nature or type of chemicals.

Proper storage is essential to prevent and control laboratory fires and accidents.

Ideally, the storeroom should be organized so that each class of chemicals is isolated in an area that is not used for routine work.

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7
Q

Proper personal protection equipment (PPE) in the chemistry laboratory for ROUTINE testing includes:

A. Respirators with HEPA filter
B. Gloves with rubberized sleeves
C. Safety glasses for individuals not wearing contact lenses
D. Impermeable lab coat with gloves

A

D. Impermeable lab coat with gloves

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8
Q

A fire caused by a flammable liquid should be extinguished by using which type of extinguisher?

A. Halogen
B. Class B
C. Pressurized water
D. Class C

A

B. Class B

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9
Q

Which of the following is the proper means of disposal for the type of waste?

A. Xylene into the sewer system
B. Microbiologic waste by steam sterilization
C. Mercury by burial
D. Radioactive waste by incineration

A

B. Microbiologic waste by steam sterilization

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10
Q

Which of the following are examples of NONIONIZING RADIATION?

A. Ultraviolet light and microwaves
B. Gamma rays and x-rays
C. Alpha and beta radiation
D. Neutron radiation

A

A. Ultraviolet light and microwaves

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11
Q

10 6th

A. Kilo
B. Mega
C. Milli
D. Micro

A

B. Mega

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12
Q

The prefix which means 10 -9 is:

A. Micro
B. Milli
C. Nano
D. Pico

A

C. Nano

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13
Q

Concentration expressed as the amount of solute per 100 parts of solution:

A. Molarity
B. Normality
C. Percent solution
D. Ratio

A

C. Percent solution

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14
Q

Indication of relative concentration:

A. Dilution
B. Molarity
C. Normality
D. Ratio

A

A. Dilution

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15
Q

What is the molarity of a solution that contains 18.7 grams of KCl in 500 mL (MW 74.5)?

A. 0.1
B. 0.5
C 1.0
D. 5.0

A

B. 0.5

Feedback

M = 18.7 g / (74.5)(0.5L) = 0.5 M

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16
Q

How much 95% v/v alcohol is required to prepare 5L of 70% v/v alcohol?

A. 2.4 L
B. 3.5 L
C. 3.7 L
D. 4.4 L

A

C. 3.7 L

Feedback

C1V1 = C2V2
V1 = (70)(5L) / 95 = 3.7 L

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17
Q

A colorimetric method calls for the use of 0.1 mL serum, 5 mL of the reagent and 4.9 mL of water. What is the dilution of the serum in the final solution?

A. 1 to 5
B. 1 to 10
C. 1 to 50
D. 1 to 100

A

D. 1 to 100

Feedback

Amount of serum: 0.1 mL
Total volume: 10 mL
Dilution: 0.1:10 or 1:100

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18
Q

Convert 72 Fahrenheit to its Celsius equivalent:

A. 12.2C
B. 22.2C
C. 40.2C
D. 44.4C

A

B. 22.2C

Feedback

C = 5/9 (F - 32)
= 5/9 (72 - 32)
= 22.2C

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19
Q

Convert 100 Celsius to its Kelvin equivalent:

A. 73.15K
B. 173.15K
C. 273.15K
D. 373.15K

A

D. 373.15K

Feedback

K = C + 273.15
= 100 + 273.15
= 373.15K

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20
Q

Most basic pipette:

A. Automatic pipette
B. Glass pipette

A

B. Glass pipette

Feedback

ROUTINELY USED: automatic pipette
MOST BASIC: glass pipette

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21
Q

Does not have graduations to the tip:

A. Mohr pipet
B. Serologic pipet
C. Micropipet
D. None of these

A

A. Mohr pipet

Feedback

A Mohr pipet does not have graduations to the tip.

It is a self-draining pipet, but the tip should not be allowed to touch the vessel while the pipet is draining.

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22
Q

Pipets are used with biologic fluids having a viscosity greater than that of water:

A. Mohr pipets
B. Ostwald-Folin pipets
C. Pasteur pipets
D. Volumeteric pipets

A

B. Ostwald-Folin pipets

Feedback

Ostwald-Folin pipets are used with biologic fluids having a viscosity greater than that of water. They are blowout pipets, indicated by two etched continuous rings at the top.

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23
Q

Pipette with BULB CLOSER TO THE DELIVERY TIP and are used for accurate measurement of VISCOUS FLUIDS, such as blood or serum:

A. Ostwald-Folin pipette
B. Volumetric pipette

A

A. Ostwald-Folin pipette

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24
Q

Pipette with cylindrical glass bulb near the CENTER of the pipette that helps to distinguish them from other types of transfer pipettes.

A. Ostwald-Folin pipette
B. Volumetric pipette

A

B. Volumetric pipette

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25
Q

Extremely inert, excellent temperature tolerance and chemical resistance; used for stir bars, stopcocks and tubing:

A. Polyethylene
B. Polycarbonate
C. Polystyrene
D. Teflon

A

D. Teflon

Feedback

POLYETHYLENE
 Widely used in plastic ware, too, including test tubes, bottles, graduated tubes, stoppers, disposable transfer pipets, volumetric pipets, and test tube racks.
 May bind or absorb proteins, dyes, stains, and picric acid

POLYCARBONATE
 Used in tubes for centrifugation, graduated cylinders, and flasks
 Usable temperature range is broad: –100° C to +160° C
 Very strong plastic but is not suitable for use with strong acids, bases, and oxidizing agents
 May be autoclaved but with limitations

POLYSTYRENE
 Rigid, clear type of plastic that should not be autoclaved
 Used in an assortment of tubes, including capped graduated tubes and test tubes
 Not resistant to most hydrocarbons, ketones, and alcohols

TEFLON
 Widely used for manufacturing stirring bars, tubing, cryogenic vials, and bottle cap liners
 Almost chemically inert and is suitable for use at temperatures ranging from –270° C to +255° C
 Resistant to a wide range of chemical classes, including acids, bases, alcohol, and hydrocarbons

26
Q

Horizontal-head centrifuge:

A. Cytocentrifuge
B. Fixed-angle head centrifuge
C. Swinging bucket centrifuge
D. Ultracentifuge

A

C. Swinging bucket centrifuge

Feedback

HORIZONTAL-HEAD OR SWINGING BUCKET CENTRIFUGE
* HORIZONTAL WHEN MOVING OR SPINNING
* VERITICAL WHEN NOT MOVING
Cups holding the tubes of material to be centrifuged occupy a vertical position when the centrifuge is at rest but assume a horizontal position when the centrifuge revolves

27
Q

It is used when rapid centrifugation of solutions containing small particles is needed; an example is the microhematocrit centrifuge:

A. Horizontal-head centrifuge
B. Fixed-angle head centrifuge
C. Ultracentrifuge
D. Cytocentrifuge

A

B. Fixed-angle head centrifuge

28
Q

High-speed centrifuges used to separate layers of different specific gravities, commonly used to separate lipoproteins:

A. Horizontal-head centrifuge
B. Fixed-angle head centrifuge
C. Ultracentrifuge
D. Cytocentrifuge

A

C. Ultracentrifuge

Feedback

ULTRACENTRIFUGE
High-speed centrifuges used to separate layers of different specific gravities
Commonly used to separate lipoproteins
Usually refrigerated to counter heat produced through friction

29
Q

Uses a very high-torque and low-inertia motor to spread MONOLAYER OF CELLS rapidly across a special slide for critical morphologic studies:

A. Horizontal-head centrifuge
B. Fixed-angle head centrifuge
C. Ultracentrifuge
D. Cytocentrifuge

A

D. Cytocentrifuge

Feedback

CYTOCENTRIFUGE
Uses a very high-torque and low-inertia motor to spread monolayers of cells rapidly across a special slide for critical morphologic studies
Used for blood, urine, body fluid, or any other liquid specimen that can be spread on a slide

30
Q

The speed of the centrifuge should be checked every 3 months with:

A. Tachometer
B. Wiper
C. Potentiometer
D. Ergometer

A

A. Tachometer

31
Q

Calibration of centrifuges is customarily performed every ______.

A. Daily
B. Weekly
C. Every 3 months (quarterly)
D. Yearly

A

C. Every 3 months (quarterly)

Feedback

Photoelectric tachometer or strobe tachometer

CAP recommends that the number of revolutions per minute for a centrifuge used in chemistry laboratories be checked every 3 months

32
Q

Centrifuges are routinely disinfected on a ___ basis.

A. Daily
B. Weekly
C. Monthly
D. Quarterly

A

B. Weekly

Feedback

Calibration of centrifuges is customarily performed every 3 months, and the appropriate relative centrifugal force for each setting is recorded.

Centrifuges are routinely disinfected on a weekly basis.

33
Q

HIGHLY PURIFIED SUBSTANCES of a known composition:

A. Control
B. Standard

A

B. Standard

Feedback

A standard may differ from a control in its overall composition and in the way it is handled in the test.

Standards are the best way to measure ACCURACY. Standards are used to establish reference points in the construction of graphs (e.g., manual hemoglobin curve) or to calculate a test result.

34
Q

It represents a specimen that is SIMILAR IN COMPOSITION TO THE PATIENT’S WHOLE BLOOD or plasma:

A. Control
B. Standard

A

A. Control

Feedback

The value of a control specimen is known. Control specimens are tested in exactly the same way as the patient specimen and are tested daily or in conjunction with the unknown (patient) specimen.

Controls are the best measurements of PRECISION and may represent normal or abnormal test values.

35
Q

Water produced using either an anion or a cation EXCHANGE RESIN, followed by replacement of the removed ions with hydroxyl or hydrogen ions.

A. Deionized water
B. Distilled water
C. RO water

A

A. Deionized water

36
Q

The PUREST TYPE OF REAGENT WATER is:

A. Type I
B. Type II
C. Type III
D. All are equal

A

A. Type I

37
Q

Chemicals that are used to manufacture drugs:

A. Technical or commercial grade
B. Analytical grade
C. Ultrapure grade
D. USP and NF chemical grade

A

D. USP and NF chemical grade

38
Q

Basic unit for mass:

A. Gram
B. Kilogram
C. Mole
D. Pound

A

B. Kilogram

Feedback

BASE QUANTITY
1. Length (meter)
2. Mass (kilogram)
3. Time (second)
4. Electric current (ampere)
5. Thermodynamic temperature (Kelvin)
6. Amount of substance (mole)
7. Luminous intensity (Candela)

39
Q

Which of the following is NOT A COLLIGATIVE PROPERTY of solutions?

A. pH
B. Freezing point
C. Osmotic pressure
D. Vapor pressure

A

A. pH

Feedback

The properties of osmotic pressure, vapor pressure, freezing point, and boiling point are called COLLIGATIVE PROPERTIES.

When a solute is dissolved in a solvent, these colligative properties change in a predictable manner for each osmole of substance present:
 FREEZING POINT IS LOWERED by −1.86°C
 VAPOR PRESSURE IS LOWERED by 0.3 mm Hg or torr
 OSMOTIC PRESSURE IS INCREASED by a factor of 1.7 × 104 mm Hg or torr
 BOILING POINT IS RAISED by 0.52°C

40
Q

Most clinical microbiology laboratories are categorized at what biosafety level?

A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4

A

B. 2

41
Q

Degree of hazard #2:

A. Slight
B. Moderate
C. Serious
D. Extreme

A

B. Moderate

Feedback

DEGREE OF HAZARD
0: NO OR MINIMAL
1: SLIGHT
2: MODERATE
3: SERIOUS
4: EXTREME

42
Q

Electrical equipment fire:

A. Class A
B. Class B
C. Class C
D. Class D

A

C. Class C

Feedback

Fires have been divided into four classes based on the nature of the combustible material and requirements for extinguishment:

Class A: ordinary combustible solid materials, such as paper, wood, plastic, and fabric

Class B: flammable liquids/gases and combustible petroleum products

Class C: energized electrical equipment

Class D: combustible/reactive metals, such as magnesium, sodium, and potassium

43
Q

Type of extinguisher for CLASS A FIRES: 1. Pressurized water 2. Dry chemical 3. Carbon dioxide 4. Halon

A. 1 and 2
B. 1 and 3
C. 1, 2 and 3
D. Only 1

A

A. 1 and 2

Feedback

TYPE OF EXTINGUISHER (Bishop page 47)
Class A: Pressurized water and dry chemical
Class B: Dry chemical and carbon dioxide
Class C: Dry chemical, carbon dioxide and halon
Class D: Metal X

44
Q

All of the following are CRYOGENIC MATERIALS HAZARDS, EXCEPT:
Picture is about a laboratory scientist handling liquid nitrogen

A. Asphyxiation
B. Fire or explosion
C. Shock
D. Tissue damage similar to thermal burns

A

C. Shock

Feedback

Liquid nitrogen is probably one of the most widely used cryogenic fluids (liquefied gases) in the laboratory.

There are, however, several hazards associated with the use of any cryogenic material: fire or explosion, asphyxiation, pressure buildup, embrittlement of materials, and tissue damage similar to that of thermal burns.

45
Q

Repetitive strain disorders such as tenosynovitis, bursitis, and ganglion cysts:

A. Cryogenic materials hazards
B. Electrical hazards
C. Ergonomic hazards
D. Mechanical hazards

A

C. Ergonomic hazards

Feedback

ERGONOMIC HAZARDS
The primary contributing factors associated with repetitive strain disorders are position/posture, applied force, and frequency of repetition.

Remember to consider the design of hand tools (e.g., ergonomic pipets), adherence to ergonomically correct technique, and equipment positioning when engaging in any repetitive task. Chronic symptoms of pain, numbness, or tingling in extremities may indicate the onset of repetitive strain disorders. Other hazards include acute musculoskeletal injury. Remember to lift heavy objects properly, keeping the load close to the body and using the muscles of the legs rather than the back. Gradually increase force when pushing or pulling, and avoid pounding actions with the extremities

46
Q

The first step to take when attempting to repair electronic equipment is to:

A. Check all electronic connections
B. Turn instrument off and unplug it
C. Reset all the printed circuit boards
D. Review instrument manual

A

B. Turn instrument off and unplug it

Feedback

Before REPAIR OR ADJUSTMENT of electrical equipment
The following should be done
(1) unplug the equipment
(2) make sure the hands are dry
(3) remove jewelry.

47
Q

When a person is receiving an electrical shock, all of the following should be done EXCEPT:

A. Pull the person away from the electrical source
B. Turn off the circuit breaker
C. Move the electrical source using a glass object
D. Move the electrical source using a wood object

A

A. Pull the person away from the electrical source

Feedback

When an accident involving electrical shock occurs:
The electrical source must be removed immediately. TURNING OFF THE CIRCUIT BREAKER, UNPLUGGING THE EQUIPMENT, or moving the equipment using a nonconductive glass or wood object are safe procedures to follow.

48
Q

Most common source of light for work in the visible and near-infrared regions:

A. Deuterium discharge lamp and mercury arc lamp
B Incandescent tungsten or tungsten-iodide lamp

A

B Incandescent tungsten or tungsten-iodide lamp

Feedback

The most common source of light for work in the visible and near-infrared regions is the incandescent tungsten or tungsten-iodide lamp.

49
Q

The lamps most commonly used for ultraviolet (UV) work are:

A. Deuterium discharge lamp and mercury arc lamp
B. Incandescent tungsten or tungsten-iodide lamp

A

A. Deuterium discharge lamp and mercury arc lamp

Feedback

The lamps most commonly used for ultraviolet (UV) work are the deuterium discharge lamp and the mercury arc lamp.

50
Q

Which is the most sensitive detector for spectrophotometry?

A. Photomultiplier
B. Phototube
C. Electron multiplier
D. Photodiode array

A

A. Photomultiplier

Feedback

Because of this amplification, the PM tube is 200 times more sensitive than the phototube. PM tubes are used in instruments designed to be extremely sensitive to very low light levels and light flashes of very short duration.

51
Q

Reflectance spectrometry uses which of the following?

A. Luminometer
B. Tungsten–halogen lamp
C. Photomultiplier tube
D. UV lamp
E. Thermometer to monitor temperature in reaction

A

B. Tungsten–halogen lamp

Feedback

Slide technology depends on reflectance spectrophotometry.

For colorimetric determinations, the light source is a tungsten–halogen lamp.

52
Q

Which of the following light sources is used in atomic absorption spectrophotometry?

A. Hollow-cathode lamp
B. Xenon arc lamp
C. Tungsten light
D. Deuterium lamp
E. Laser

A

A. Hollow-cathode lamp

Feedback

The usual light source, known as a hollow-cathode lamp, consists of an evacuated gas-tight chamber containing an anode, a cylindrical cathode, and an inert gas, such as helium or argon.

53
Q

Used to measure concentration of LARGE PARTICLES: 1. Nephelometry 2. Turbidimetry 3. Absorption spectroscopy

A. 1 only
B. 2 only
C. 1 and 2
D. 1, 2 and 3

A

C. 1 and 2

Feedback

Nephelometry and turbidimetry are used to measure the concentrations of large particles (such as antigen–antibody complexes, prealbumin, and other serum proteins) that because of their size cannot be measured by absorption spectroscopy.

54
Q

Temperature is _______ proportional to fluorescence.

A. Directly proportional
B. Inversely proportional
C. No effect

A

B. Inversely proportional

55
Q

Low temperature:

A. Increase in fluorescence
B. Decrease in fluorescence

A

A. Increase in fluorescence

56
Q

Which of the following techniques measures light scattered and has a light source placed at 90 degrees from the incident light?

A. Chemiluminescence
B. Atomic absorption spectrophotometry
C. Nephelometry
D. Turbidimetry

A

C. Nephelometry

57
Q

Which of the following instruments is used in the clinical laboratories to detect beta and gamma emissions?

A. Fluorometer
B. Nephelometer
C. Scintillation counter
D. Spectrophotometer

A

C. Scintillation counter

58
Q

Liquids (reagents, diluents, and samples) are pumped through a system of [continuous] tubing:

A. Continuous flow analysis
B. Centrifugal analysis
C. Discrete analysis
D. None of these

A

A. Continuous flow analysis

59
Q

Which of the following types of analyzers offers RANDOM-ACCESS CAPABILITIES?

A. Discrete analyzers
B. Continuous-flow analyzers
C. Centrifugal analyzers
D. None of these

A

A. Discrete analyzers

Feedback

All three can use batch analysis (i.e., large number of specimens in one run), but only discrete analyzers offer random-access, or stat, capabilities.

60
Q

Checking instrument calibration, temperature accuracy, and electronic parameters are part of:

A. Preventive maintenace
B. Quality control
C. Function verification
D. Precision verification

A

D. Precision verification

Feedback

Function verification includes monitoring temperature, setting electronic parameters, calibrating instruments and analyzing control data.

Matapng (4 decks)

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