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Physics > P1.5 > Flashcards

P1.5 Flashcards

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1
Q

Describe the oscillations in a transverse wave

A

They are perpendicular to the direction of energy transfer

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2
Q

Describe the oscillations in a longitudinal wave

A

They are parallel to the direction of energy transfer

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3
Q

Are electromagnetic waves transverse or longitudinal?

A

Transverse

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4
Q

Are sound waves transverse or longitudinal?

A

Longitudinal

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5
Q

Are mechanical waves transverse or longitudinal?

A

Both (could be transverse OR longitudinal)

TRICKED YOU LMAO

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6
Q

Can all electromagnetic waves travel through a vacuum (space)?

A

Yes

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7
Q

What do all electromagnetic waves have in common?

A

They are all transverse

They all travel through a vacuum (space) at the same speed

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8
Q

What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

A

Waves which cover a continuous range of wavelengths

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9
Q

Name all the waves in the electromagnetic spectrum

A 
Radio
Microwave
Infrared 
Visible
Ultraviolet
X-ray
Gamma ray
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10
Q

Which electromagnetic wave has the longest wavelength?

A

Radio waves

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11
Q

Which electromagnetic wave has the shortest wavelength?

A

Gamma rays

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12
Q

What is the range of wavelengths in the electromagnetic spectrum?

A

About 10 ^–15 metres to more than 10 ^4 metres

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13
Q

Which electromagnetic wave has the highest frequency?

A

Gamma rays

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14
Q

Which electromagnetic wave has the lowest frequency?

A

Radio waves

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15
Q

What is the range of frequencies in the electromagnetic spectrum?

A

About 10^4 Hz to 10^20 Hz

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16
Q

Which electromagnetic wave has the most energy?

A

Gamma rays

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17
Q

Which electromagnetic wave has the least energy?

A

Radio waves

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18
Q

What do longitudinal waves show?

A

Areas of compression and areas of rarefaction

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19
Q

What is compression?

A

Where particles are close together (increasing density in that area)

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20
Q

What is rarefaction?

A

Areas where the particles are more spread out (less dense)

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21
Q

How can waves be affected?

A

By reflection, refraction and diffraction

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22
Q

What is refraction?

A

When waves change speed if they have passed a boundary between mediums of different densities, causing the direction of the wave to change

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23
Q

When are waves not refracted?

A

When they are travelling along the normal line

24
Q

What do waves transfer?

A

Energy

25
Q

What is diffraction?

A

When waves pass a gap and become more spread out as a result

26
Q

What is reflection?

A

When a wave ‘bounces off’ a surface

27
Q

What is amplitude?

A

The maximum disturbance from the undisturbed position of the wave
(Distance from the top of the wave to the line running through the middle)

28
Q

When is diffraction most significant?

A

When the wavelength of the wave is the same size as the gap/obstacle

29
Q

What is wavelength?

A

The distance from one point on the wave to the same point on the next wave (e.g. trough to trough or crest to crest)

30
Q

What is frequency?

A

How many waves are produced per second

31
Q

Give the equation which links frequency, wavelength and wave speed

A

Wave speed= frequency x wavelength

32
Q

What unit is frequency given in?

A

Hertz (Hz)

33
Q

Which types of electromagnetic waves are used for communication?

A

Radio waves
Microwaves
Infrared radiation
Visible light

34
Q

In what situations would radio waves be used for communication?

A

In television and radio

Diffraction effects are used

35
Q

In what situations would microwaves be used for communication?

A

Mobile phones

Satellite television

36
Q

In what situations would infrared radiation be used for communication?

A

Remote controls

37
Q

In what situations would visible light be used for communication?

A

In photography

38
Q

What is the normal?

A

A line perpendicular (at 90°) to the surface at the point of incidence

39
Q

What is the relationship between the angle of incidence and the angle of reflection?

A

These angles are equal

40
Q

What are the two types of wave?

A

Transverse

Longitudinal

42
Q

What is the nature of an image produced in a plane mirror?

A

Virtual
Upright
Laterally inverted

42
Q

What type of wave is a sound wave?

A

Longitudinal

42
Q

How are sound waves created?

A

By vibrations in a medium

43
Q

What is the pitch of a sound determined by?

A

The frequency of the sound waves

44
Q

What is the loudness of a sound determined by?

A

It he amplitude of the sound waves

45
Q

What are echoes?

A

Reflections of sounds

47
Q

What is the Doppler effect?

A

When the distance between a wave source and a person changes, which causes a change in the observed wavelength and frequency

48
Q

What could the wave source (in the Doppler effect) be?

A

Light waves
Sound waves
Microwaves

49
Q

What happens to the observed wavelength and frequency when the wave source moves away from the observer?

A

Wavelength increases

Frequency decreases

50
Q

What is red-shift?

A

The effect observed that the further away galaxies are, the faster they are moving and the greater the increase in wavelength

51
Q

What does red-shift show?

A

That the universe is expanding

52
Q

What theory does red-shift support?

A

The Big Bang theory

53
Q

What is the Big Bang theory?

A

The idea that the universe began from a small initial point

54
Q

What does CMBR stand for?

A

Cosmic microwave background radiation

55
Q

What is CMBR?

A

A type of radiation filling the universe, which has developed from radiation present after the universe first began

56
Q

Which theory is the only one that can explain CMBR?

A

The Big Bang theory

57
Q

What happens to the observed wavelength and frequency when the wave source moves towards the observer?

A

Wavelength decreases

Frequency increases

Physics (5 decks)

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