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Physics > P1.4 > Flashcards

P1.4 Flashcards

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1
Q

In power stations, which energy sources can be used to heat water?

A

Fossil fuels
Uranium or plutonium
Biofuels

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2
Q

Give three main fossil fuels

A

Oil
Coal
Gas

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3
Q

How can fossil fuels be used as an energy source?

A

They can be burned

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4
Q

What can fossil fuels be used for?

A

To heat air and water

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5
Q

How is uranium or plutonium used as an energy source?

A

Through nuclear fission they can release energy

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6
Q

How can uranium/plutonium be used?

A

To heat water

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7
Q

How can biofuels be used as an energy source?

A

They can be burned

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8
Q

What can biofuels be used for?

A

To heat water

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9
Q

How does the heated water lead to the production of electricity?

A

The heated water releases steam
The steam turns a turbine
The turbine is connected to a generator which produces electricity

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10
Q

Which methods of generating electricity can turn turbines directly?

A

Wind
Waves
Tides
Falling water (hydroelectric power)

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11
Q

Which energy source is used to power solar panels?

A

The Sun’s radiation

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12
Q

What are the advantages of using solar power?

A

Renewable / infinite energy supply
Private buildings / remote areas can have their own electricity supply
Once solar panels are set up, it is free
Not harmful to the environment to use

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13
Q

What are the disadvantages of using solar power?

A

Solar panels can be expensive to manufacture and set up
Manufacturing factories produce pollution
Can only be captured during the day / sunny season
Solar power often charges batteries which need to be replaced

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14
Q

What is geothermal energy?

A

Hot water and steam rise to the surface of the earth in some volcanic areas
The steam is collected
The steam is used to turn turbines which are connected to generators

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15
Q

Where might small scale production of hydroelectric power be useful?

A

In remote areas

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16
Q

Where might small scale production solar power be useful?

A

In road signs

17
Q

Why should small scale production of electricity not be connected to the National Grid?

A

This would be uneconomic

18
Q

What are the (negative) effects of using different energy sources?

A

Substances are released into the atmosphere (i.e. Greenhouse gases)
Waste materials are produced (e.g. Toxic waste from nuclear power stations)
Noise and visual pollution
Wildlife fe habitats could be destroyed

19
Q

How is the problem of waste gases escaping and building up in the atmosphere being solved?

A

By the development of carbon capture and storage technology

20
Q

What is the purpose of carbon capture and storage technology?

A

To catch and store carbon dioxide before it is released into the atmosphere in waste gases.

21
Q

What are some of the best ‘containers’ that can be used for storing carbon?

A

Oil and gas fields

E.g. Under the North Sea

22
Q

How is electricity distributed to many buildings?

A

From power stations through the National Grid

23
Q

What are the five key parts of the National Grid?

A 
Power station
Step-up transformers
Transmission lines (high voltage)
Step down transformers
Consumers (homes / buildings)
24
Q

What is the role of step up transformers?

A

To increase voltage

25
Q

Why is voltage increased in power cables?

A

This decreases current which reduces energy loss

This improves efficiency of the National Grid

26
Q

Why is energy usually lost through power cables?

A

Energy is wasted as heat

27
Q

What is the role of step down transformers?

A

To decrease voltage

28
Q

Why is voltage decreased by step down transformers?

A

Voltages which are extremely high are not safe to use in cities or around homes / buildings
This is because high voltages can cause fatal electric shocks and so are dangerous

29
Q

What are the advantages of overhead cables?

A

They are cheaper than underground cables

They allow better heat dissipation

30
Q

What are the disadvantages of using overhead power cables?

A

They are unattractive / detract from beautiful landscapes
Are more likely to be hit by lightning than underground cables
There is added cost due to maintenance

31
Q

What are the advantages of underground power cables?

A

They are unseen by the public so don’t affect scenery
Low maintenance cost
Don’t harm birds

32
Q

What are the disadvantages of underground power cables (compared to overhead power cables)?

A

More expensive as land has to be dug up
More energy is lost because there are more conductors nearby which conduct electricity and take it away from the cables, so the cables have to be thicker
Can be tricky to build if cables have to go through marshes/ hills etc.

Physics (5 decks)

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