P1.4

Question 1

What waves are sound, how is pitch affected, how is volume affected

Answer 1

Longitudinal, pitch affected by frequency, higher it is the high the pitch. Volume based on how tall it is, amplitude

Question 2

What round of sound can we hear

Answer 2

20-20000Hz/20Khz

Question 3

What is infrasound

Answer 3

Sound waves below a frequency of 20Hz

Question 4

Why is infrasound used to communicate between large animals

Answer 4

There is usually a large distance between them and infrasound can travel much further than sound with a higher frequency. Whales can communicate 100Kms using it

Question 5

How can infrasound be used with animals

Answer 5

Sometimes it’s hard to track animals such as giraffes as they moves several kilometres everyday and sometimes through forest where it’s hard to see them. Microphones can be used to pick up there infrasound so they can then be tracked using that

Question 6

How can infrasound be used to help scientists and volcanoes

Answer 6

Infrasound is emitted by volcanoes when they erupt. Volcanoes are often in places far from people so it’s hard to constantly monitor them but once the infrasound is detected, scientists know it’s erupting and are then able to monitor it

Question 7

What’s the difference between a meteor and meteorite

Answer 7

Meteors are rocks that come into the atmosphere, météorites are meteors that crash into the earth.

Question 8

How can infrasound be used with meteors

Answer 8

They often fall over unpopulated areas so it’s hard to monitor them but they also produce infrasound which can be detected and used to track it so we can see if ‘‘tis going to hit a populated area

Question 9

What is ultrasound

Answer 9

Sound higher than 20000Hz

Question 10

How does sonar work

Answer 10

Ultrasound is emitted and then reflects of other surrounding objects. By detecting these reflections, an image of the surroundings can be produced

Question 11

How do humans use sonar

Answer 11

Loudspeaker emits ultrasound and a microphone detects its reflections. Using the time it took for the reflection to return and how fast the sound was travelling, its distance can be measured

Question 12

What is distance travelled formula for sound

Answer 12

Distance(M) = speed (m/s) * Time (s)

Question 13

Why is gel used in ultrasound

Answer 13

To stop the ultrasound reflecting of the skin

Question 14

What kind of waves are earthquakes

Answer 14

Seismic waves.

Question 15

What is the focus of an earthquake

Answer 15

The place of where the earthquake came from

Question 16

What is the epicentre of an earthquake

Answer 16

The point on the surface of the earth directly above the focus

Question 17

What shape are longitudinal waves

Answer 17

Push pull shape, like sound waves

Question 18

What shape are transverse waves

Answer 18

Like s shapes, light waves

Question 19

What kind of waves are seismic waves

Answer 19

Either longitudinal or transverse

Question 20

What are seismometers

Answer 20

Equipment that detect seismic waves

Question 21

How can seismic waves be used to detect oil and gas

Answer 21

They are made by dropping something heavy or settting of an explosion. Seismometers then detect the travel of the waves as they are refracted and reflected through the different types of rock. The information can be used to see what kind of rock I’d there by determining its density

Question 22

How can earthquake epicentres be found

Answer 22

The time between the first p waves and first S waves arriving can be used to messer the distance it is from the seismometer . Data from three or more seismometers can be used to triangulate the location of the earthquake

Question 23

How care tectonic plates moved

Answer 23

Convection currants in the earths mantle move the plates

Question 24

How are convection currants in the mantle caused

Answer 24

Magma heats up nearer the core and rises as it’s hotter. As it rises, it cools and begins falling down, this changing in direction causes it to move in a direction parallel to the tectonic plates and moves them

Question 25

What causes earthquakes

Answer 25

When the friction between tectonic plates breaks, causing the plates to jerk

Question 26

Why is it hard to predict when an earthquake will happen

Answer 26

It’s hard to measure the forces between plates so it’s hard to know when they will break and jerk