p1.3 - particle theory and states of matter

Question 1

in particle theory…

Answer 1

each particle is viewed as a small, solid, none elastic sphere

Question 2

solid

Answer 2

strong forces of attraction between particles - holds them close together in fixed position
becuase of fixed position, solids have a definite shape and volume - cannot flow like liquids
particles vibrate on the spot

Question 3

what does heating a solid do

Answer 3

particles gain energy - vibrate more - weakens forces between them

melting point - particles have enough energy to break free from bonds. solid turns to liquid

Question 4

liquid

Answer 4

weak forces of attraction between particles - free to move + random arrangement
weak forces mean particles tend to stick together - fairly compact - have definite volume but not shape - can flow to fit a container

Question 5

heating a liquid

Answer 5

particles gain energy - particles move around faster - weakens forces between particles
boiling point - particles have energy energy to break bonds - liquid evaporates into a gas

Question 6

gases

Answer 6

very weak forces of attraction between particles - free to move - no definite shape or volume - will always fill up a container as they spread out as much as possible
gas particles constantly + rapidly moving in random directions

Question 7

heating gases

Answer 7

particles gain energy - particles move faster - weaker forces of attraction between them
if in a container able to expand (eg, a balloon) - gas will expand
if in a container which is fixed - pressure will increase

Question 8

cooling gases

Answer 8

particles don’t have enough energy to overcome forces of attraction between particles - even more bonds form - fixed particles in place - freezing liquid into solid

Question 9

cooking liquid

Answer 9

particles don’t have enough energy to overcome forces of attraction between

Question 10

if working in a closed system, changes in state..

Answer 10

wont change mass
density will change - solids having highest, liquids slightly lower and gases lowest.