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GCSE Physics > P12 - Waves > Flashcards

P12 - Waves Flashcards

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1
Q

What do waves transfer?

A

They transfer energy

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2
Q

What is a wave?

A

A series of ocillations that travel from one place to another, using energy

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3
Q

Waves transfer energy without transferring any __________

A

Matter

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4
Q

What is the aplitude of wave?

A

The maximum displacement of a point on a wave from its undisturbed position

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5
Q

What is the wavelength?

A

The distance between the same point on two adjacent lines

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6
Q

What is the frequency of a wave?

A

The number of complete waves passing a certian point per second

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7
Q

What is frequency measured in?

A

Hertz (Hz)

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8
Q

What does 1Hz equivalate to?

A

1Hz = 1 wave per second

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9
Q

What are the two types of waves?

A

Transverse waves
Longitudinal waves

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10
Q

How can you find the Period of a wave with frequency?

A

T = 1/f

T(period) (s)
f(frequency) (Hz)

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11
Q

What is the Period of an Oscillation?

A

The time it takes for one full oscillation happen

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12
Q

What is another word for oscillation?

A

Vibration

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13
Q

What is another word for oscillation?

A

Vibration

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14
Q

What are the oscillations like in transverse waves?

A

The direction of oscillation is perpendicular to the direction of a wave motion

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15
Q

What are the oscillations like in a longitudinal wave?

A

The direction of oscillatioj is parallel to the direction of wave motion

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16
Q

What are some examples of transverse waves?

A

Electromagnetic waves
Ripples in water

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17
Q

What are some examples of longitudinal waves?

A

Sound waves
Ultra spund

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18
Q

How do you calculate wave speed?

A

Wave speed = frequency x wave length

19
Q

What are the three things that can happen when a wave arrives at a boundary between two different materials?

A

They can he absorbed, transmitted or reflected

20
Q

What happens a wave is absorbed by a material?

A

The energy from the wave transfers into the material energy stores

21
Q

What happens when a wave is transmitted through a material?

A

The wave carries on travelling through the new material which leads to refraction

22
Q

What is the “angle of incidence”

A

The angle between the incoming wave and the normal

23
Q

What is the angle of reflection?

A

The angle between the reflected wave and the normal

24
Q

What are the two different ways waves can be reflected at different boundaries?

A

Specular reflection
Diffuse reflection

25
Q

When does specular reflection happen?

A

When a wave is reflected in a single direction by a smooth surface

26
Q

When does diffuse reflection happen?

A

When a wave is reflected by a rough surface and the rays are scattered in different directions

27
Q

What is refraction?

A

When waves change direction at a boundary

28
Q

What changes when a wave is refracted and what stays the same?

A

The wave length changes and the frequency dtays the same

29
Q

If a straight light ray at no angle meets glass, what will happen?

A

Light wave will continue could will slow down

30
Q

What happens when a light ray hits a more dense medium like glass at an angle?

A

It will be refracted (direction will change) and be closer to the medium

31
Q

What will happen to an angled light ray if it goes from a more dense medium to a less dense medium (like glass to air)?

A

The light ray will be refracted (direction change) and be further away from the normal

32
Q

What is ultrasound?

A

Sound with frequencies higher than 20,000 Hz

33
Q

What type of reflection occurs with ultrasound?

A

Partial reflection

34
Q

What happens when ultrasound is partially reflected?

A

Some of the ultra sound wave is reflected and some is refracted

35
Q

How does Ultra sound work when scanning babies

A

The ultrasound passes through the body but when they reach a boundary between two different mediums some wave is reflected back, creating an image

36
Q

What is used to detect seismic waves?

A

Seismometers

37
Q

What produces seismic waves?

A

Eathquakes volcanoes and explosions

38
Q

What are the two different types of seismic waves?

A

P-waves and S-waves

39
Q

What are P-Waves like?

A

They are longitudinal waves that can travel through soilds and liquids and are faster than S-waves

40
Q

What are S-waves like?

A

They are transverse waves and can only travel through solids

41
Q

What three things can happen to seismic waves (only P-waves) when they meet the boundary between the mantle and the liquid outer core?

A

They can be Relfected, Absorbed or Refracted

42
Q

Why is there a sudden change in the direction of P-waves when they meet the boundary between the mantle and the liquid outer core?

A

The mantle and liquid outer core arent all the same density so they refract

43
Q

Why cant S-waves get to the liquid outer core?

A

S-waves cant travel through liquids

44
Q

A red filter is placed in front of a spotlight.
The Spotlight is directed at a blue object.

Explain why the blue object appears black?

A

Since red is covering the light, only red is transmitted by the filter so it will be absorbed by the blue object
This means no light csn be reflected by the object and it will appear black

GCSE Physics (12 decks)

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