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GCSE AQA Physics > P12: Electro Magnetic Waves > Flashcards

P12: Electro Magnetic Waves Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the order of waves in the electromagnetic spectrum in order of increaing frequency?

A 
Radio waves
Micro waves
Infrared radiation 
Visible light 
Ulta violet
X rays 
Gamma rays
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2
Q

Can electromagnetic waves travel through a vaccum?

A

Yes

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3
Q

What is the speed of all the electromagnetic waves?

A

3 x 10 to the power of 8

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4
Q

How does the wavelength of visible light vary?

A

400nm-700nm

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5
Q

What do electromagnetic waves transfer?

A

Hey transfer energy to a source to an absorber

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6
Q

What is the wave speed equation?

A

Frequency x wavelength

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7
Q

What is light from the sun called?

A

White light

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8
Q

What does white light contain?

A

All the colours of the visibile spectrum

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9
Q

How does the heat of an object affect the amount of infrared radiation it emits?

A

The hotter an object the more infrared infrared radiation it emits

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10
Q

What can infrared radiation do to the body?

A
  • it can be absorbed by the skin

- it can damage, burn or kill the cells because it heats them up

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11
Q

What do optical fibres in communications systems usually do and why?

A

They usually use infrared radiation instead of visible light

This is because infrared radiation is absorbed less than visible light in glass fibres

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12
Q

What are optical fibres

A

It is a flexible transparent filter made by drawing glass

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13
Q

What are microwaves used for?

A

-to carry satellite TV programmes and mobile phone calls.

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14
Q

What are radiowaves used for?

A

-radio and TV broadcasting, radio communications and mibile phone calls.

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15
Q

What can ionising radiation do?

A

Makes uncharged atoms become charged

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16
Q

How is ultraviolet waves harmful?

A

They can harm the skin and eyes

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17
Q

What are gamma rays used for?

A
  • kill bacteria in food
  • sterilise surgical equiptment
  • kill cancer cells
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18
Q

What are x rays absorbed by?

A

More bones and teeth than soft tissues

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19
Q

Whyare x-rays harmful because________

A

X rays are ionising radiation

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20
Q

What are carrier waves?

A

Waves used to carry any type of signal

21
Q

What type of wave to carry signals does it depend on?

A
  • how much info is in the signal

- how far the signal has to travel

22
Q

The shorter the wavelength of a wave

A
  • the more info they carry
  • the shorter their range(absorbed by the atmosphere(

-the less they spread out

23
Q

What are optical fibres

A

Very thin glass fibres, used to transmit singnals carried by light or infrared radiation

  • light rays can’t escape the fibre, when they reach the surface they are reflected back
  • optical fibres carry a lot more infomation as light has a shorter wavelength than radio waves
24
Q

What can ultraviolet waves do to the body?(3 answers)

A
  • can cause blindness
  • sun burn
  • skin cancer
25
Q

What do gamma rays and x-rays have in common?(3answers)

A
  • travel straight into and through substances if they are not to dense or thick
  • have short wavelengths
  • both carry a lot of energy per second
26
Q

What are the differances between x-rays and gamma rays?(3 ways)

A
  • gamma rays have a shorter wavelength so they can penatrate some substances that x-rays can’t
  • gamma raysbare produced by radioactive substances
  • x-rays are produced when electrons moving at high speeds are stopped
27
Q

Benifits of gamma rays(2 things):

A
  • kill cancer cells

- kill harmful bacteria

28
Q

What is ionisation

A

X-rays and gamma rays pass througg substances and knock electrons out of an atom

-atoms become charged because they lose electrons

29
Q

What happens if ionising radiation happens in a living cell?

A

The cell can be damaged or killed. Low doses of x-rays and gamma rays can cuase gene mutation and canerous growth

30
Q

X-rays can do what to help us?

A
  • make images of internal body parts

- desteoy tumor near the body surface

31
Q

Xxrays are absorbed by

A

Bones and teeth more than soft tissue

32
Q

Radio waves have the highest______

A

Wavelength

33
Q

Gamma rays have the highest______

A

Frequency

34
Q

What is the equation for wave speed(m/s)?

A

Frequency(Hz) X wavelength (m)

35
Q

What is the speed of all the waves in the electromagnetic spectrum?

A

3 x 10 to the power of 8

36
Q

What is white light?

A

Light from the sun(it has all the colours of the visible spectrum in it)

37
Q

As the frequency of a wave increases………

A

Tne energy of a wave increases

38
Q

The hotter an object is………

A

The more radiation it emits

39
Q

How can infrared radiation harm the body?

A

-absorbed by the skin, it can damage burn or heat the skin cells because the cells are heated

40
Q

What divices are infrared radiation used in?(4answers)

A
  • optical fibres
  • heaters
  • remote control
  • infrared cameras
41
Q

What are microwaves used for? (3 answers)

A
  • satellite communications (because they can pass through the atmosphere)
  • carry mobile phone signals
  • microwave ovens heat food quickly
42
Q

What are radio waves used for?(2 answers)

A
  • to carry TV,radio and mobile phone signals

- can be used instead of cables to connect a computer (Bluetooth)

43
Q

List the radiations in order of ionising power?

A
  • alpha radiation-most ionising power
  • beta-2nd most ionising power
  • gamma-least ionising power
44
Q

What is Beta radiation stopped by?

A

A thin sheet of metal

45
Q

What is gamma radiation stopped by?

A

Thick lead(gamma radiation has an unlimited range in air)

46
Q

What is the range of alpha radiation in air?

A

A few cm

47
Q

What is the range of beta radiation in air?

A

1 metre

48
Q

What can ionising a living cell do?

A

Damage or kill the cell

GCSE AQA Physics (17 decks)

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