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GCSE AQA Physics > P10: Forces And Motion > Flashcards

P10: Forces And Motion Flashcards

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1
Q

What is hooke’s law?

A

Any spring, whatever the length if you put a force the extention increases in propotion to the mass.

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2
Q

Newtons second law

A

As the force on an object increases the acceleration increases

DEF:

The acceleration of an object is preporional to the resultant force on an object

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3
Q

Accelration formula

A

A=v-u/t

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4
Q

Resultant force (N)

A

Resultant force=mass x acceleration

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5
Q

Resultant force(N) equation

A

Mass(kg)x acceleration m/s squared

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6
Q

Momentum(p)

A

Mass(kg)xvelocity m/s squared

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7
Q

Hooke’s law equation

A

Spring constant(k)=extention of spring(x)

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8
Q

Weight(n)

A

Mass(kg) x gravity

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9
Q

Change in momentum(p)

A

P=mv-mu

P=m(v-u)

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10
Q

The greater the resultant force on an object, the greater the object’s ________

A

Acceleration

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11
Q

What is the equation for the resultant force acting on an object?

A

F= a x m

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12
Q

What is Newton’s second law of motion?

A

The acceleration of an object is proportional to the resultant force of an object

The acceleration of an object is inversely proportional to the mass of an object

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13
Q

The resultant force is proportional to the _______________

A

Object’s mass x its acceleration

You can write this as f= mxa

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14
Q

The greater the resultant force on an object, the greater the object’s _________

A

Acceleration

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15
Q

The greater the mass of an object, the smaller its acceleration for a ___________

A

Given force

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16
Q

What is the intertia of an object?

A

Its tendency to stay at a rest or to continue in uniform motion

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17
Q

If the velocity of an onjects changes, it must be axted on by a___________

A

Resultant force

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18
Q

The velocity of the object increases if the resultant force is in the _______________

A

SAME direction as the velocity

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19
Q

The velocity of the object decreases if the resultant force is in the _______________

A

OPPOSITE direction to its velocity

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20
Q

The inertial mass of an object is __________

A

A measure of the difficulty of changing the object’s velocity

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21
Q

How can you define the inertial mass?

A

Force/ acceleration

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22
Q

Why does an object fall if you let go of it above the ground?

A

Because of its weight

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23
Q

How much does an object acted on by gravity accelerate downwards at a constant acceleration?

A

9.8 (round it to 10) m/s squared

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24
Q

If I release a 1 kg object above ground ehat is

The gravitational force on it?

What is its acceleration?

A

Gravitatiojal force= 9,8 N

Acceleration = force/ mass. 9.8 N/ 1 kg = 9.8 m/s squared

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25
Q

What is your weight caused by?

A

The graviatational force of attraction between you and Earth

-this force is slightly weaker at the equator than the poles.- so you will weigh slightly less at the equator than the poles.

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26
Q

Does your mass change where ever you are?

A

No

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27
Q

What is weight measured in?

A

Newtons.

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28
Q

What is mass measured in?

A

Kg

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29
Q

What is the weight of an object?

A

The force acting on it due to gravity.

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30
Q

What is the mass of an object?

A

Depends on the quantity of matter in it

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31
Q

How can you measure the weight on an object?

A

Using a newton-meter

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32
Q

What is gravitational field strength measured in?

A

N/kg

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33
Q

What is Earth’s gravitational field strength at its surface?

A

About 9.8 N/kg

34
Q

What is the gravitational force on a 1kg object?

A

The gravitational field strength at the place where the object is.

35
Q

What is the Equation for the weight of an object?

A

Weight(N) = mass(kg) x gravitational field strength(N/kg)

36
Q

If an object falls in fluid what happens?

A

The fluid drags on the object because of friction between the fluid and the surface of the moving object

-the friction force increases with speed

37
Q

If an object falls in fluid what happens to the resultant force on the object?

A

The resultant force on the object is its weight minus the frictional force on it

38
Q

The acceleration of an object_______ as it falls

A

Decreases

39
Q

Why does the acceleration of an object decrease as it falls?

A

Because the frictional force increases as it speeds up. Therefore the resultant force on it decreases-causing the acceleration to decrease

40
Q

When does the object reach a constant velocity?

A

When the frictional force on it is equal and opposite to its weight-this velocity is called terminal velocity

-the resultant force is 0 so the acceleration is 0

41
Q

What is the acceleration and resultant force at terminal velocity?

A

0

42
Q

What is the frictional force when an object moves through the air?

A

Air resistance

43
Q

The air resistance on the object is much smaller than the frictional force on an object falling through the liquid in figure 1. What does this mean?

A

The object would need to fall much further in the air than the water before the object reaches a constant velocity.

44
Q

What is terminal velocity of an object?

A

The velocity it eventually reaches when it is falling.

-the weight of the object is equal to the friction force on the object

45
Q

What is the resultant force when an object is moving at terminal velocity?

A

0

46
Q

For any car travelling at constant velocity, what is the resultant force? And why?

A

0

Because the driving force of its engine is balanced by the resistive forced(which are mostly caused by air resistance)

47
Q

A car driver uses the accelerator pedal to vary what?

A

The driving force of the engine

48
Q

What does the braking force needed to stop a vehicle in a given distance depend on?

A
  • the speed of the vehicle when the brakes are first applied
  • the mass of the vehicle
49
Q

Equation for resultant force:

A

Mass x acceleration

50
Q

The greater the speed, the greater the ____________ needed to stop the vehicle within a given distance

A

Deceleration

51
Q

Within the same distance, would the braking force be greater?

To stop a car travelling at a low or high speed?

A

To stop a car travelling at a high speed

52
Q

The greater the mass, the _________ the braking force needed for a given deceleration

A

Greater

53
Q

What is the stopping distance?

A

The shortest distance a vehicle can safely stop in

54
Q

What is the stopping distance made out of?

A

-thinking distance + breaking distance

55
Q

What is the thinking distance?

A

The distance travelled by the vehicle in the time it takes to react

(Because the car moves at a constant speed during the reation time the thinking distance is = speed x the reaction time

56
Q

Is the thinking distance proportional to speed?

A

Yes

57
Q

What is the breaking distance?

A

The distance travelled by the vehicle during the time the braking force acts

58
Q

What can affecting stopping distances?

A
  • tiredness, alcohol durgs that affect the brain and reaction time
  • distractions like phones can increase reaction time

-the faster a vehicle is travelling thr furher it travels before it stops.
(Because the thinking and stopping distance both increase with speed.)

  • bad road conditions e.g icy
  • poorly maintained vehicles e.g worn brakes and tyres take longer to stop because the brakes and tyres are less effective.
59
Q

What does the deceleration of a road vehicke depend on?

A

The friction between the road and car tyres

-to avoid skidding the deceleration should be no more than 6/s squared

Can check this using equation (v squared - u squared)/ 2s

60
Q

What is the braking force on a vehicle?

A

F= ma

61
Q

What is momentum of a moving object measured in?

A

Kg m/s

62
Q

What is velocity?

A

the speed of something in a given direction.

63
Q

What is the equation for momentum?

A

Momuntum of a moving object( kg m/s) = mass (kg) x velocity(m/s)

64
Q

Is momuntum a scalar or vector quantity

A

Vector because it has both size and direction

65
Q

In a collision of two trollet’s of the same mass, Trolly A is ________ by the impact

A

Halved

66
Q

Is the momentum after the collision the same as the momuntum before the collision?

A

Yes

67
Q

What is the law of conservation of momentum?

A

In a closed system, the total momentum before an event is equal to the total momentum after the event

68
Q

Momentum is conserved in a collision or explosion as long ss what?

A

No external forces act on the objects

69
Q

When you jump of a skateboard it can shoot away from you once you step of it, what does this mean?

A

Its momentum is opposite to your own momentum

70
Q

In the results of a test what did it show with two single trolleys recoil and momuntum

A

The trolleys recoiled sith equal and oppsite momentum

Becaus they had the same mass

71
Q

When you hit a sauash ball what happens to the shape of the ball?

A

It changes briefly

72
Q

How do we know if an object is elastic?

A

If it returns to its original shape when forces that are deforming it are removed

73
Q

What is the increase of length from the origin called?

In a spring

A

Extention

74
Q

What ks the equation for:

the extention of the strip lf material or spring at ay stage?

A

Length at the stage - original lenth

75
Q

The steel spring goves a straight line through the origin,

this shows thst the weight hung on the steel spring is ________ to the extention of the spring

A

Directly proprtional

(E.g doubling weight from 2N to 4N diubles the extention of the steel spring

76
Q

What does Hooke’s law state?

A

If the extnetion of any stretched object or material is directly proportional to the stretching force, the object obey’s Hooke’s law

77
Q

Hooke’s law equation:

A

Flrce applied (N)= spring constant (N/m( x entention (m)

78
Q

If the force is too big, the string strethces more than predicted, this is because the spring has stretched beyond its_____________

A

Limit of proportionality

79
Q

Something with a lot of momentum has________

A

A lot of intertia?

80
Q

What is inertia?

A

Objects will continue with the (newton’s first law) same speed and direction (unless a force acts on it).

81
Q

What is inverse proportion ?

A

Doubling one auantity caisss the other to half

GCSE AQA Physics (17 decks)

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