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Pro Physics > P12 > Flashcards

P12 Flashcards

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1
Q

How do waves transfer energy?

A

The way they are travelling

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2
Q

What happens when eaves travel through a medium?

A

The particles of the medium oscillate and transfer energy between each other.

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3
Q

Whats the amplitude of a wave?

A

Maximum displacement of a point on the wave from it’s undisturbed position

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4
Q

Where is the amplitude?

A

Middle line to the top of the wave

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5
Q

What is the wavelength?

A

The distance between the trough of one wave to the trough next to it

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6
Q

Whats the frequency?

A

The number of complete waves passing a certain point per second

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7
Q

What is frequency measured in?

A

Hz

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8
Q

How to find the period (s)?

A

1/f

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9
Q

What are all waves either?

A

Transverse or longitudinal

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10
Q

What are transverse waves?

A

Where the oscilations are perpindicular to the direction of energy transferr

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11
Q

What waves are transverse?

A
  • All EM waves
  • A wave on a string
  • All ripples and waves in water
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12
Q

What vibrations do transverse waves have?

A

Sideway

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13
Q

What vibrations do longitudinal waves have?

A

Parallel

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14
Q

What are longitudinal waves?

A

The oscilations are parallel to the direction of energy transfer

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15
Q

Examples pf longitudinal waves?

A

Sound waves and shock waves

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16
Q

Wave speed =

A

Frequency x wavelength

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17
Q

Whats the wave speed?

A

Speed energy is being transfered

18
Q

What are sound waves caused by?

A

Vibrating objects

19
Q

What type of wave is sound?

A

Longitudinal

20
Q

What does sound travel faster in?

A

Solids than liquids
But liquids than gas

21
Q

What happens whn a sound wave travels a solid?s

A

It causes particles in the solid to vibrate

22
Q

Why cant sound travel is space?

A

Its mostly a vaccum and there are no particles to move or vibrate

23
Q

When do you hear sound?

A

When your eardrums vibrate

24
Q

What are the steps from sound to your ear?

A

1) Sound waves reach your ear
2) The vibrations reach a tiny bone in your ear called ossicles
3) The cochlea turns the vibrations into electrical signals which get sent to your brain and allows you to hear

25
Q

What are the ranges humans can hear ?

A

20hz - 20khz

26
Q

Why is human hearing limited?

A

Due to the size and shape of your ear

27
Q

What can sound waves do?

A

Reflect or refract

28
Q

How are sound waves reflected?

A

By hard flat surfaces

29
Q

What are echoes?

A

Reflected sound waves

30
Q

What happens when sound waves go into another medium?

A

They speed up

31
Q

Why do soundwaves speed up?

A

They travel to another medium so its wavelength changes but frequency stays the same so speed changes

32
Q

Whats an ultrasound?

A

Is sound with frequencies above 20,000Hz

33
Q

What happens at boundaries?

A

Ultrasound waves get partially reflected

34
Q

What is partial reflection?

A

When some of the wave is reflected between the two mediums and the other is refracted

35
Q

How do you messure how far the boundary is?

A

The time it takes for the reflections to reach a detector

36
Q

What are ways ultrasound is useful?

A
  • Medical imageing
  • Industrial imaging
37
Q

How can you figure out the earths inner structure?

A

Use seismic waves

38
Q

What causes seismic waves?

A

Earthquakes and explosions

39
Q

What do seismologists do?

A

Work out the time it takes for the shockwaves to reach the seismometer also which part doesnt reach shock waves at all

40
Q

What travels through the earths core?

A

P-Waves

41
Q

Things about p waves?

A
  • They are longitudinal
  • They travel through solids and liquids
  • They travel faster than s waves
42
Q

Things about s-waves?

A
  • Cant travel through liquids or gases and are transverse.
  • Slower than P - waves

Pro Physics (14 decks)

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