P12 Flashcards

1
Q

How do waves transfer energy?

A

The way they are travelling

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2
Q

What happens when eaves travel through a medium?

A

The particles of the medium oscillate and transfer energy between each other.

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3
Q

Whats the amplitude of a wave?

A

Maximum displacement of a point on the wave from it’s undisturbed position

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4
Q

Where is the amplitude?

A

Middle line to the top of the wave

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5
Q

What is the wavelength?

A

The distance between the trough of one wave to the trough next to it

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6
Q

Whats the frequency?

A

The number of complete waves passing a certain point per second

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7
Q

What is frequency measured in?

A

Hz

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8
Q

How to find the period (s)?

A

1/f

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9
Q

What are all waves either?

A

Transverse or longitudinal

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10
Q

What are transverse waves?

A

Where the oscilations are perpindicular to the direction of energy transferr

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11
Q

What waves are transverse?

A
  • All EM waves
  • A wave on a string
  • All ripples and waves in water
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12
Q

What vibrations do transverse waves have?

A

Sideway

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13
Q

What vibrations do longitudinal waves have?

A

Parallel

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14
Q

What are longitudinal waves?

A

The oscilations are parallel to the direction of energy transfer

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15
Q

Examples pf longitudinal waves?

A

Sound waves and shock waves

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16
Q

Wave speed =

A

Frequency x wavelength

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17
Q

Whats the wave speed?

A

Speed energy is being transfered

18
Q

What are sound waves caused by?

A

Vibrating objects

19
Q

What type of wave is sound?

A

Longitudinal

20
Q

What does sound travel faster in?

A

Solids than liquids
But liquids than gas

21
Q

What happens whn a sound wave travels a solid?s

A

It causes particles in the solid to vibrate

22
Q

Why cant sound travel is space?

A

Its mostly a vaccum and there are no particles to move or vibrate

23
Q

When do you hear sound?

A

When your eardrums vibrate

24
Q

What are the steps from sound to your ear?

A

1) Sound waves reach your ear
2) The vibrations reach a tiny bone in your ear called ossicles
3) The cochlea turns the vibrations into electrical signals which get sent to your brain and allows you to hear

25
What are the ranges humans can hear ?
20hz - 20khz
26
Why is human hearing limited?
Due to the size and shape of your ear
27
What can sound waves do?
Reflect or refract
28
How are sound waves reflected?
By hard flat surfaces
29
What are echoes?
Reflected sound waves
30
What happens when sound waves go into another medium?
They speed up
31
Why do soundwaves speed up?
They travel to another medium so its wavelength changes but frequency stays the same so speed changes
32
Whats an ultrasound?
Is sound with frequencies above 20,000Hz
33
What happens at boundaries?
Ultrasound waves get partially reflected
34
What is partial reflection?
When some of the wave is reflected between the two mediums and the other is refracted
35
How do you messure how far the boundary is?
The time it takes for the reflections to reach a detector
36
What are ways ultrasound is useful?
- Medical imageing - Industrial imaging
37
How can you figure out the earths inner structure?
Use seismic waves
38
What causes seismic waves?
Earthquakes and explosions
39
What do seismologists do?
Work out the time it takes for the shockwaves to reach the seismometer also which part doesnt reach shock waves at all
40
What travels through the earths core?
P-Waves
41
Things about p waves?
- They are longitudinal - They travel through solids and liquids - They travel faster than s waves
42
Things about s-waves?
- Cant travel through liquids or gases and are transverse. - Slower than P - waves