P1.1

Question 1

How does the temperature of an object impact the infrared radiation it emits?

Answer 1

The hotter the object, the more infrared radiation it emits.

Question 2

What type of surface is the best absorber and emitter of infrared radiation?

Answer 2

Dark, matt surfaces

Question 3

Which type of surface is the worst emitter and absorber of infrared radiation?

Answer 3

Light, shiny surfaces

Question 4

What do all objects absorb and emit?

Answer 4

Infrared radiation

Question 5

What type of surface is the best at reflecting infrared radiation?

Answer 5

Light, shiny surfaces

Question 6

What does kinetic theory explain?

Answer 6

The properties of the different states of matter

Question 7

Give the three different states of matter

Answer 7

Gas, liquid, solid

Question 8

Give an example of kinetic theory

Answer 8

A liquid heats up when it gains more energy, spacing the particles out and turning into a gas

Question 9

Do solids, liquids and gases have the same amount of energy?

If not, which state has the most energy?

Answer 9

No, they have different amounts. Gas has the most.

Question 10

Name four other types of energy transfer

Answer 10

Conduction, convection, evaporation, condensation

Question 11

Explain what happens during convection

Answer 11

Convection is heat transfer by mass motion of a fluid such as air or water when the heated fluid is caused to move away from the source of heat, carrying energy with it. Convection above a hot surface occurs because hot air expands, becomes less dense, and rises

Question 12

Explain what happens during conduction

Answer 12

When a hot object comes into contact with a conductor, such as metal, the heat energy transfers to it.

Question 13

Explain what happens during condensation

Answer 13

Water forms on a cold surface when humid air comes into contact with it - conversion of gas to liquid

Question 14

Explain what happens during evaporation

Answer 14

Liquid particles gain more energy causing them to move around, and heat up. The particles spread out, causing the liquid to convert to a gas.

Question 15

What factors could effect the rate of condensation?

Answer 15

How cold the surface is in comparison to how humid the air is

Question 16

What factors could effect the rate of evaporation?

Answer 16

How hot the liquid gets in a short amount of time or how long it takes the liquid to reach its boiling point

Question 17

How does the surface area of an animals ear help them stay at the right body temperature in their habitat? Give examples.

Answer 17

The larger the surface area, the more of the animal is exposed, supposedly cooling it down. For example, desert foxes have very large ears, and it helps them keep cool in their humid habitat. However, arctic foxes have small ears, meaning less of them is exposed and they don’t get as cold.

Question 18

How does the difference in temperature between an object and its surroundings effect the rate of energy being transferred?

Answer 18

The bigger the temperature difference between an object and its surroundings, the faster the rate at which energy is transferred by heating

Question 19

What do U-values measure?

Answer 19

How effective a material is as an insulator

Question 20

If the U- value is lower, is the material better or worse as an insulator? What about if the U-value is higher?

Answer 20

Lower - the material is better as an insulator

Higher- the material is worse as an insulator

Question 21

How is the water inside solar panels heated?

Answer 21

Radiation from the sun heats it

Question 22

How is heated water inside solar panels used?

Answer 22

It can be used to heat buildings or provide domestic hot water

Question 23

Write this as a word equation- E= m x c x (0-)

Answer 23

Energy = mass x heat capacity x temperature change