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Physics session 3 > P10 Waves > Flashcards

P10 Waves Flashcards

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1
Q

Wave

A

Carries energy from one place to another without transferring matter

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2
Q

Amplitude

A

The height of a wave- a measure of how much energy it carries. It is measured in decibels. How loud something is

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3
Q

Longitudinal wave

A

A wave where particles vibrate in the same direction as the wave

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4
Q

Reflection

A

The waves bounce off a barrier (an echo with sound)

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5
Q

Refraction

A

When a wave changes direction upon entering or leaving a medium

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6
Q

Frequency

A

The number of waves passing a point in a unit time (measured in Hertz). The pitch of something

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7
Q

Wave equation

A

Velocity= frequency * wavelength

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8
Q

Vacuum

A

Empty space

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9
Q

Human range of hearing

A

A range of frequencies from 20 (or 40) - 20,000 Hz

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10
Q

Colour

A

Different wavelengths of light are interpreted by our brain as colour

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11
Q

Focal length

A

If light from infinity is converged by a converging lens the focal length is the distance from the centre of the lens to the principal focus.

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12
Q

Gamma radiation

A

The shortest wavelength (and highest energy) of light

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13
Q

Transverse wave examples

A

Light, water waves, P seismic waves (earthquakes)

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14
Q

Longitudinal wave examples

A

Sound, ultrasound, S seismic waves

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15
Q

Angle of incidence

A

The angle made by the ray of incidence (towards a boundary). It is equal to the angle of reflection

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16
Q

Angle of refelction

A

The angle made by the reflected ray, It is equal to the angle of incidence

17
Q

Why do light rays refract/ change direction?

A

In a denser medium, light travels more slowly through it. Incident rays bend towards the normal

18
Q

Refractive index

A

A measure of the degree to which light is slowed down by the glass block. The ratio (sin i / sin r)

19
Q

Critical angle

A

The angle shown as C in diagrams. The angle right before it becomes totally internally refelcted

20
Q

Total internal reflection

A

For all angles greater than the critical angle. All of the light will no longer be refracted out of the block, but will be reflected back into it.

21
Q

Lens

A

Things that bend light and form images

22
Q

Converging/ convex lens

A

A lens that is fatter in the middle than at the edges. The more curved it is, the more powerful/ converging it is

23
Q

Principal focus

A

The point in which light rays arriving from infinity meet

24
Q

Real image

A

An image than can be projected onto a screen

25
Q

Virtual images

A

Images that cannot be picked up on a screen

26
Q

Electromagnetic spectrum

A

Radio, microwaves, infrared, visible, ultra violet, x-ray, gamma rays (from long wavelengths to short)

27
Q

Radio

A

The shortest wavelength. Used for TV communications and radio programs. No proven dangers

28
Q

Microwaves

A

Used for cooking food, mobile phones and satellite TV Source: transmitters. Danger: if exposed for too long, you may develop cataracts in your eyes

29
Q

Infrared

A

Not visible to human eye. Felt as heat. Dangers: possible burns/ eye problems. Used for intruder alarms, remote controls, TVs

30
Q

X-rays

A

Used for medicine and security. Dangers: radiation exposure increases risks of getting cancer

31
Q

What is sound caused by

A

Caused by the vibration of objects. This sets up a series of compressions (high pressure regions) and rarefactions (low pressure regions). This travels through a medium and our brain interprets the changes in pressure as sound

32
Q

Gamma ray frequency

A

The highest. 10^19Hz

33
Q

Radio frequency

A

The lowest. 10^8 Hz

34
Q

Frequency range of electromagnetic spectrum

A

10^19 to 10^8 Hz

35
Q

Transverse wave

A

A wave where the particles vibrate at 90 degrees to the direction of the wave

Physics session 3 (3 decks)

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