P1-Topic 1- Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table 2022

Question 1

Describe the plum-pudding model

1

Answer 1

The atom is a ball of positive charge with negative electron embedded in it.

Question 2

Describe the Bohr/nuclear model and how it came

about 2

Answer 2

The nuclear model suggests that electrons orbit the nucleus at specific distances (shells) – it came about from the alpha scattering experiments

Question 3

Later experiments led to the discovery of
smaller, positive particles in the nucleus; what
are these particles called?

Answer 3

Protons

Question 4

why the new evidence from the scattering experiment led to a change in the atomic model
2

Answer 4

the positively charged alpha particles were being repelled and deflected

-by a tiny concentration of positive charge in the center of the atom (the nucleus).

Question 5

Difference between the plum pudding model and nuclear model of an atom

Answer 5

-in the nuclear model negative electrons are not embedded in it rather orbit the nucleus

Question 6

Describe the structure of an atom

Answer 6

The atom has a small central nucleus (made up of protons and neutrons)
around which there are electrons

Question 7

State the relative masses and relative charges

of the proton, neutron and electron

Answer 7

Masses: 1, 1, very small ; Charges: 1, 0 , -1 (respectively

Question 8

Explain why atoms are electrically neutral.

Answer 8

They have the same number of electrons and protons

Question 9

What is the radius of an atom?

Answer 9

0.1 nm 1*10-¹⁰

Question 10

What is the radius of a nucleus and what is it

compared to that of the atom?

Answer 10

1 x 10^-14 m and 1/10,000

Question 11

What is an isotope? Do isotopes of a certain
element have the same chemical properties?
2

Answer 11

Atoms of the same element (same proton number) that have a different
number of neutrons.

same chemical properties as they have the same electronic structure

Question 12

What are ions?

2

Answer 12

Ions are charged particles

formed when atoms lose electrons
(positive ions) or gain (negative ions) electrons.

Question 13

The columns of the periodic table are called?

Answer 13

Groups

Question 14

The rows of the periodic

table are called…?

Answer 14

Periods

Question 15

Are elements in the same group similar or

different?

Answer 15

They may have similar chemical properties, as they have the same number of outer shell electrons

Question 16

In terms of energy levels, what are the
differences between elements of the same
period?

Answer 16

They have the same number of energy levels

Question 17

What makes the periodic table periodic?

Answer 17

Similar properties of elements occur at regular intervals

Question 18

Knowledge of what made it
possible to explain why the order
based on atomic weights was not
always correct?

Answer 18

Isotopes

Question 19

Mendeleev overcame some problems with thetable by doing what?

He also changed the order of some elements based on what?

Answer 19

Leaving gaps; atomic weights

Question 20

Elements that react to form positive ions are…?

Answer 20

Metals

Question 21

Elements that do not form

positive ions are…?

Answer 21

Non-metals

Question 22

properties of metals 6

Answer 22

high melting/boiling point
conduct heat and electricity
shiny
malleable
high density
basic oxidises

Question 23

properties of non metals 6

Answer 23

Low melting/bpoiling point
doesnot conduct heat
dull
brittle
low density
oxidises acidic

Question 24

what are group 0 elements called

Answer 24

noble gases

Question 25

why are group 0 (noble gases) unreactive 2

Answer 25

They are unreactive and do not easily form molecules,

because they have a stable arrangement of electrons (full outer shell).

Question 26

Trend of Group 0 elements 5

Answer 26

Non-metals
gases
low boiling points
unreactive (full outer shell)
they don’t easily accept or lose electrons).
boiling point increases down the group, as the atoms get heavier.

Question 27

Elements in Group 1 are known as…?

Answer 27

The alkali metals

Question 28

State 4 characteristics of the Alkali Metals 3

Answer 28

All have one electron in their outer shell

have low density

are stored under oil (to prevent reactions with oxygen or water)

are soft (can be cut with a knife).

Question 29

How do Group 1 elements react with
non-metals?

Why are these reactions similar for
the different Group 1 elements?

Answer 29

form ionic compounds(soluble white solids)

form colourless solutions – they all have one electron in their outer shell.

Question 30

How do Group 1 elements

react with water? 4

Answer 30

react vigorously with water to create an alkaline solution and hydrogen

Li- fizzes steadily
Na- fizzes rapidly
K-ignites sparks, lilac flame disappears quickly

Question 31

How do Group 1 elements

react with oxygen? 4

Answer 31

They all react with oxygen to create an oxide (white solid)
Li- red flame
Na- orange flame
K- lilac flame

Question 32

How do Group 1 elements

react with chlorine? 3

Answer 32

They all react with chlorine to form a white precipitate
Na- bright yelllow flame
K-more vigorous with sodium

Question 33

what is the trend of group 1 metal 4

Answer 33

The reactivity of the elements increases going down the group

outer electron is less attracted to the nucleus and easier to loose

greater distance between positive nucleus and negative outer electron

outer electron shielded from the nucleus by the internal energy levels

Question 34

State five characteristics of

Group 7

Answer 34

7 electrons in outer shell

• Coloured vapours
• Diatomic molecules
• Form ionic salts with metals
• Form molecular compounds with non-metals

Question 35

State five State Group 7 elements and states of matter of molecules they form

Answer 35

Fluorine pale yellow gas.

Chlorine, pale green gas.

Bromine, dark brown liquid

Iodine, grey solid.

Question 36

State three changes that
occur in Group 7 as one
moves down the group

Answer 36

Higher relative molecular mass

• Higher melting and boiling point
• Less reactive – less easily gain electrons

Question 37

what happens when a reactive halogen and a less reactive halogen in an an aqueous solution of its salt

Answer 37

A more reactive halogen displaces a less reactive one from an aqueous solution of its salt

Chlorine + Potassium Bromide → Potassium Chloride + Bromine

Question 38

what happens with a halogen and a metal

Answer 38

form ionic compounds in which the halide ion carries a -1 charge.

Question 39

what happens with a halogen and a non-metal

Answer 39

they react with nonmetals to form covalent compounds, where there is a shared pair of electrons

Question 40

Compare Group 1 metals and

transition metals 4

Answer 40

Group 1 metals and transition metals are heat and electricity conductors

shiny when polished and form ionic compounds with non metals

Transition metals have higher densities and higher melting points than Group
1 metals

They are less reactive and harder than Group 1 metals

Question 41

State three common characteristics of transition metals

Answer 41

• Ions with different charges
• Coloured compounds
• Catalytic properties

Question 42

State the colours of flames
observed when lithium,
sodium, and potassium burn
in oxygen

Answer 42

Li- crimson red
Na- yellow orange
K- lilac

Question 43

how to calculate the abundance of isotope

Answer 43

((isotope 1 mass x abundance) + (isotope 2 mass x abundance)) ÷ 100

Question 44

Describe the properties of noble gases. Discuss the trends in properties down the group 2

Answer 44

Non-metals, gases, low boiling points, unreactive (full outer shell; they
don’t easily accept or lose electrons).

The boiling point increases down the group, as the atoms get heavier.