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Physics > P1 topic 1 & 2 > Flashcards

P1 topic 1 & 2 Flashcards

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0
Q

wave

A

transfer of energy, information or data, but not matter

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1
Q

Amplitude

A

furthest point a particle gets from the equilibrium

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2
Q

oscillation

A

moving backwards/forwards or up/down around an equilibrium position

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3
Q

wavelength

A

distance from one point on the wave to the next consecutive similar point

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4
Q

frequency

A

how many whole waves go past a certain point per second

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5
Q

longitudinal waves

A

particles oscillate parallel to the direction of the wave e.g: primary seismic waves, water waves and sound waves

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6
Q

transverse waves

A

particles oscillate perpendicular to the direction of the wave e.g: secondary seismic waves, the electromagnetic spectrum

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7
Q

Retrograde motion

A

Mars

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8
Q

Kuiper belt

A

it consists of several frozen bodies orbiting beyond Neptune- it’s believed to be the source of all comets

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9
Q

who proposed the geocentric model of the solar system?

A

Ptolemy- it was used by the ancient Greeks

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10
Q

How did Ptolemy explain the occasional retrograde motion of Mars?

A

using epicycles

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11
Q

who proposed the heliocentric model of the universe?

A

Copernicus in the 14th century

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12
Q

What does the heliocentric model say about the stars?

A

they are in a fixed dome beyond Saturn

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13
Q

Why didn’t Copernicus’ model accurately predict the position of the planets

A

he used circular orbits

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14
Q

what did Kepler do?

A

in the 1600s, he realised that the planets had elliptical orbits

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15
Q

Who first observed the night sky using a telescope?

A

Galilei in the 17th century

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16
Q

What did Galilei see?

A

mountains on the moon and 4 moons orbiting Jupiter

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17
Q

Where does the asteroid belt lie?

A

between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter

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18
Q

How does the Hubble space telescope take pictures?

A

using visible light as well as ultraviolet and infrared

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19
Q

what other EM wave can be used to take pictures?

A

x rays

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20
Q

How do space observatories use infrared to produce images?

A

cooler objects emit more infrared than visible light- infrared astronomy was used to discover the Kuiper belt

21
Q

where does a ray move relative to the normal when it slows down?

A

it bends towards the normal

22
Q

what’s another name for a converging lens?

A

convex

23
Q

what’s another name for a diverging lens?

A

concave

24
Q

what are converging lenses used for)

A

to form images in telescopes, cameras, projectors, binoculars and our eyes

25
Q

what happens to the focal length as the lens gets fatter?

A

it gets shorter

26
Q

Oort Cloud

A

the outermost region of the solar system- this consists of billions of lumps of rock and ice

27
Q

real image

A

an image formed on the other side of the lens to the object- a real image can be formed on a screen

28
Q

virtual image

A

an image formed on the same side of the lens as the object- it can be seen by looking through lens but it can’t be projected into a screen

29
Q

what type of images can a converging lens produce?

A

both magnified and diminished images, depending on position of object

30
Q

what will happen when the distance between the object and the lens is greater than 2f?

A

image will be inverted, real and diminished

31
Q

what will happen when the object distance is between f and 2f?

A

image will be inverted, real and magnified

32
Q

what will happen when the object is closer to the lens than the focal length?

A

image is virtual, upright and magnified (this is a magnifying glass)

33
Q

what made the image in early telescopes a bit blurred?

A

lenses have different focal points for different colours of light

34
Q

how can a clearer image be formed?

A

by using a concave (parabolic) mirror in place of the objective lens

35
Q

modern refracting telescopes

A

both objective and eyepiece lenses are converging- the objective lens produced an image of a distant object at its focal point, but the eyepiece magnifies the image

36
Q

refracting telescopes vs reflecting telescopes

A

can be much larger and are easier to manoeuvre than refracting telescopes- this is because a mirror has a much smaller mass than a bulky lens

37
Q

reflecting telescope

A

uses a large diverging/concave mirror, a plane mirror and a converging lens- the concave mirror fiend an image of a distant object, which is then reflected towards the eyepiece using the plane mirror

38
Q

why are modern telescopes usually housed in observatories on high mountains?

A

little light pollution from cities, air is cooler so there is less interference from the atmosphere

39
Q

waves

A

transfer energy and information from one place to another using vibrations, but they do not transfer matter in the direction that they are travelling

40
Q

compressions

A

regions where particles are pushed together and create a region of higher pressure in a sound wave

41
Q

rarefactions

A

regions where particles are pulled apart and create regions of low pressure in sound waves

42
Q

where do rarefactions and compressions occur?

A

in longitudinal waves

43
Q

what are seismic waves produced by?

A

earthquakes and explosions

44
Q

how are seismic waves detected?

A

using a seismographs or seismometer

45
Q

how is the vibration of the earth’a surface recorded?

A

by its motion relative to a heavy pendulum

46
Q

Herschel

A

discovered infrared in 1800, whilst investigating the temp of visible spectrum- found hottest temp beyond red end of spectrum, where there was nothing visible- infrared have longer wavelengths than red light

47
Q

Ritter

A

discovered uv in 1801, whilst experimenting with silver chloride used in photography- rate of reaction was faster beyond the violet end of the visible spectrum- uv have a shorter wavelength than violet light

48
Q

what are the three types of UV waves?

A

UV-A, UV-B, UV-C

49
Q

which UV waves have the shortest wavelength and therefore are the most harmful?

A

UV-C waves

50
Q

electromagnetic waves

A

all are transverse and travel at the sand speed in a vacuum (300 000 000 m/s)

51
Q

why are em waves transverse?

A

em waves consist of an oscillating electric field combined with an oscillating magnetic field- the 2 oscillating field are at right angled to each other and the direction of wave travel, so EM waves are transverse

Physics (15 decks)

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