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Physics Flashcards - OCR 21st Century > P1 TEMP - Radiation & Waves > Flashcards

P1 TEMP - Radiation & Waves Flashcards

1
Q

A wave is a _________ repeating ___________ or movement that transfers ________ through a medium or ___________.

A

regular, disturbance, energy, vacuum

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2
Q

When a wave travels through a medium, the ________ of the medium _______ and transfer _______ between each other. BUT Overall the particles ______ in the same place,

A

particles, vibrate, energy, stay

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3
Q

________________ - ___________ from the ________ _______________ to a ____ or trough

A

Amplitude, displacement, rest postion,crest

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4
Q

_______________ - Highest ________ of a wave

A

Crest, point

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5
Q

_________________ - Lowest _________ of a wave

A

Trough, point

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6
Q

_________________ - Distance between two ___________ _________ on two ____________ cycles of a wave

A

Wavelength, identical points, adjacent

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7
Q

Frequency is measured in ______ (__)

A

Hertz (Hz)

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8
Q

______________ - The number of ____________ __________ passing a certain point ___ ___________

A

Frequency, complete waves, per second

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9
Q

________________ - The amount of ________ it takes for ___ _________ of a wave to _____ a certain point

A

Period, time, one cycle, pass

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10
Q

Period = 1/_____________

A

frequency

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11
Q

Most waves are ______ waves. Examples include EM waves and _______ waves

A

transverse, water

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12
Q

______________ __________ - Waves in which the ______________ is ____________________ to the direction of energy transfer

A

Transverse waves, oscillations, perpendicular

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13
Q

________________________ ________ - Waves in which the _________________ are ___________ to the direction of energy transfer

A

Longitudinal Waves, oscillations, parallel

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14
Q

The larger the wavelength the _____ the frequency and ______

A

lower, energy

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15
Q

Examples of Longitudinal waves include _______ waves and _ waves

A

sound, P

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16
Q

Wavespeed (___) = _______________ (Hz) x _____________________ (___)

A

m/s, frequency, wavelength (m)

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17
Q

The shorter the wavelength the ___________ the _____________ and energy

A

higher, frequency

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18
Q

All waves in the EM spectrum travel at the speed of ______ (________________________)

A

light, 300,000,000m/s

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19
Q

Longitudinal waves shows areas of ________ and _______

A

Compression, rarefraction

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20
Q

Compression are areas of ______ pressure due to particles being _____ together

A

high, close

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21
Q

Rarefactions are areas of _____ pressure due to particles being ______ _____

A

low, further apart

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22
Q

Longitudinal waves can be demonstrated by ______ and _______ a spring

A

pushing, pulling

23
Q

For example, if you push a spring left and right, the compressions will move ____ and _____ as well as _____ is being transferred from ____ to ______.

The particles don’t ____, instead they ______ left and right as the wave is ________ through the spring

A

left, right, energy, left, right

move, oscillate, transmitted

24
Q

Transverse waves can often be demonstrated by ______ a rope rapidly __ and ____

A

moving, up, down

25
Q

For example, when you move a rope __ and ____, _____ is transferred from ____ to _____ BUT the _________ _______ ___ and ______ as the wave is being _________

A

up, down, energy, left, right, particles oscillate up & down, transmitted

26
Q

The law of reflection states that - Angle of _______ _ Angle of ________

A

Incidence = Reflection

27
Q

The normal line is an imaginary ___ which is ___________ to the _______

A

line, perpendicular, surface

28
Q

Refraction is when the wave changes _______ and ___________ when being transmitted through different ______ of _______

A

speed, direction, densities, mediums

29
Q

In general, the _____ the transparent material, the more _____ light travels through it

A

denser, slower

30
Q

Glass is _____ than air, so a light ray passing from air to glass would _____ ____ and the ray would bend ______ the normal line.

A

denser, slow down, towards

31
Q

A light ray ______ up when as it passes from glass to air, and bends ____ from the normal

A

speeds, away

32
Q

For a _____ frequency of light, the ________ is _______ to the _____ ______

A

given, wavelength, proportional , wave speed

33
Q

If a wave slows down, it’s wavelength will _______

A

decrease

34
Q

For example, when a wave goes from air to water, it slows down and its _______ decreases, although the ________ remains the ______

A

wavelength, frequency, same

35
Q

All electromagnetic waves are

______ waves

Transfer energy from a ______ to an _______

All travel at _____________ through a vacuum

A

Transverse
Source, absorber
300,000,000 m/s

36
Q

The electromagnetic consists of _ distinct groups these are….

______ waves, Microwaves ______ , ________ ____, Ultraviolet/ UV, _ - ___, Gamma rays

A

Radio, Infrared, Visible light, X-Rays

37
Q

Radio waves have the ______ wavelength in the EM spectrum whilst Gamma rays have the _______ wavelength in the EM spectrum

A

longest, shortest

38
Q

Waves with long wavelengths have ___ frequency and ____ energy in the EM spectrum.

Waves with short wavelengths have ___ frequency and ____ energy in the EM spectrum

A

low, low

high, high

39
Q

Each group in the EM spectrum has a limited ____ of ________

A

range, frequency

40
Q

In visible light, ___ light has the lowest frequency whilst _____ light has the highest frequency

A

red, violet

41
Q

Radio waves are used for ___________.

This is because they are _____ ________ through air, can be _______ or ________ to change their ______ and cause __ ____ to the human body

A

Communications,

easily transmitted
reflected, refracted, direction
no harm

42
Q

Microwaves are used for _______ and _________

Microwaves have ______ which are easily _______ by _________ in the food, which causes ________.

Microwaves do not _______ in the atmosphere, so they can be used for communications between earth and ______ .

A

Cooking, communications

frequencies, absorbed, molecules, heating

refract, space

43
Q

Infrared radiation is used for _______ and detecting ____ _____.

Internal _____ of ____ ______when ________ infrared, which causes _________.

All objects emit _____ radiation. This is useful as infrared radiation can detect ______ in the ____, help firefighters find ___ spots and more.

A

heating, heat sources

energy, bonds, increases, absorbing, heating

infrared, people, dark, hot

44
Q

Visible light is used for _____ - _____ communications.

This is where coded _____ of ______ travel through _____ fibres from a _____ to a _______.

A

Fibre-optic

pulses, light, glass, source, receiver

45
Q

UV radiation ____ bacteria in _____ to _____ it and make it safe to ______.

Also helps the skin by production of ________ _

Oxygen absorbs UV to become ______ gas.
________ absorbs some UV, which protects ______ on Earth from being exposed to dangerously ____ levels
and its _______ effects

A

kills, water, sterilise, drink

Vitamin D

Ozone, ozone, organisms, high, harmful

46
Q

High energy __, _-____ and ________ rays are types of _________ radiation

A

UV, X-Rays, Gamma, Ionising

47
Q

Ionising radiation can be _________.

Ionisation causes _______ to be _______ ___ the shells of atoms, turning them into _____. This can lead to ________ in cells which can lead to ________.

A

Dangerous

Electrons, knocked off, ions, mutations, cancer

48
Q

UV radiation waves can cause ___ ________.

A

Skin cancer

49
Q

Gamma rays can _______ or ____ cells in a person’s body

A

damage, kill

50
Q

Exposure to ________ radiation needs to be kept ____, especially those working with them frequently.

For example, a radiographer can stand in ______ ____ or behind a _____ when _______ X-Rays

A

ionising, low

another room, screen, conducting

51
Q

Infrared radiation can be used for ______ imaging to produce a ________. This helps doctors ________ patients as areas of the body that emit ____ heat may be _______ or ___________

A

thermal, thermogram, diagnose, more, infected, injured

52
Q

X-Rays can produce images of the _______ which helps doctors find _______ to ______.

This is because X-Rays are ______ by ______ material, but _____ through soft tissue. Once passing the body they ______ a ________ film showing the results

A

skeleton, damage, bones

absorbed, denser, pass, darken, photographic

53
Q

Gamma rays are emitted from the _______ of atoms.

They have ____ energy so they can kill ______ cells and __________ in food.

A

nuclei

high, cancer, bacteria

Physics Flashcards - OCR 21st Century (12 decks)

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