P1 TEMP - Radiation & Waves Flashcards
A wave is a _________ repeating ___________ or movement that transfers ________ through a medium or ___________.
regular, disturbance, energy, vacuum
When a wave travels through a medium, the ________ of the medium _______ and transfer _______ between each other. BUT Overall the particles ______ in the same place,
particles, vibrate, energy, stay
________________ - ___________ from the ________ _______________ to a ____ or trough
Amplitude, displacement, rest postion,crest
_______________ - Highest ________ of a wave
Crest, point
_________________ - Lowest _________ of a wave
Trough, point
_________________ - Distance between two ___________ _________ on two ____________ cycles of a wave
Wavelength, identical points, adjacent
Frequency is measured in ______ (__)
Hertz (Hz)
______________ - The number of ____________ __________ passing a certain point ___ ___________
Frequency, complete waves, per second
________________ - The amount of ________ it takes for ___ _________ of a wave to _____ a certain point
Period, time, one cycle, pass
Period = 1/_____________
frequency
Most waves are ______ waves. Examples include EM waves and _______ waves
transverse, water
______________ __________ - Waves in which the ______________ is ____________________ to the direction of energy transfer
Transverse waves, oscillations, perpendicular
________________________ ________ - Waves in which the _________________ are ___________ to the direction of energy transfer
Longitudinal Waves, oscillations, parallel
The larger the wavelength the _____ the frequency and ______
lower, energy
Examples of Longitudinal waves include _______ waves and _ waves
sound, P
Wavespeed (___) = _______________ (Hz) x _____________________ (___)
m/s, frequency, wavelength (m)
The shorter the wavelength the ___________ the _____________ and energy
higher, frequency
All waves in the EM spectrum travel at the speed of ______ (________________________)
light, 300,000,000m/s
Longitudinal waves shows areas of ________ and _______
Compression, rarefraction
Compression are areas of ______ pressure due to particles being _____ together
high, close
Rarefactions are areas of _____ pressure due to particles being ______ _____
low, further apart
Longitudinal waves can be demonstrated by ______ and _______ a spring
pushing, pulling
For example, if you push a spring left and right, the compressions will move ____ and _____ as well as _____ is being transferred from ____ to ______.
The particles don’t ____, instead they ______ left and right as the wave is ________ through the spring
left, right, energy, left, right
move, oscillate, transmitted
Transverse waves can often be demonstrated by ______ a rope rapidly __ and ____
moving, up, down
For example, when you move a rope __ and ____, _____ is transferred from ____ to _____ BUT the _________ _______ ___ and ______ as the wave is being _________
up, down, energy, left, right, particles oscillate up & down, transmitted
The law of reflection states that - Angle of _______ _ Angle of ________
Incidence = Reflection
The normal line is an imaginary ___ which is ___________ to the _______
line, perpendicular, surface
Refraction is when the wave changes _______ and ___________ when being transmitted through different ______ of _______
speed, direction, densities, mediums
In general, the _____ the transparent material, the more _____ light travels through it
denser, slower
Glass is _____ than air, so a light ray passing from air to glass would _____ ____ and the ray would bend ______ the normal line.
denser, slow down, towards
A light ray ______ up when as it passes from glass to air, and bends ____ from the normal
speeds, away
For a _____ frequency of light, the ________ is _______ to the _____ ______
given, wavelength, proportional , wave speed
If a wave slows down, it’s wavelength will _______
decrease
For example, when a wave goes from air to water, it slows down and its _______ decreases, although the ________ remains the ______
wavelength, frequency, same
All electromagnetic waves are
______ waves
Transfer energy from a ______ to an _______
All travel at _____________ through a vacuum
Transverse
Source, absorber
300,000,000 m/s
The electromagnetic consists of _ distinct groups these are….
______ waves, Microwaves ______ , ________ ____, Ultraviolet/ UV, _ - ___, Gamma rays
Radio, Infrared, Visible light, X-Rays
Radio waves have the ______ wavelength in the EM spectrum whilst Gamma rays have the _______ wavelength in the EM spectrum
longest, shortest
Waves with long wavelengths have ___ frequency and ____ energy in the EM spectrum.
Waves with short wavelengths have ___ frequency and ____ energy in the EM spectrum
low, low
high, high
Each group in the EM spectrum has a limited ____ of ________
range, frequency
In visible light, ___ light has the lowest frequency whilst _____ light has the highest frequency
red, violet
Radio waves are used for ___________.
This is because they are _____ ________ through air, can be _______ or ________ to change their ______ and cause __ ____ to the human body
Communications,
easily transmitted
reflected, refracted, direction
no harm
Microwaves are used for _______ and _________
Microwaves have ______ which are easily _______ by _________ in the food, which causes ________.
Microwaves do not _______ in the atmosphere, so they can be used for communications between earth and ______ .
Cooking, communications
frequencies, absorbed, molecules, heating
refract, space
Infrared radiation is used for _______ and detecting ____ _____.
Internal _____ of ____ ______when ________ infrared, which causes _________.
All objects emit _____ radiation. This is useful as infrared radiation can detect ______ in the ____, help firefighters find ___ spots and more.
heating, heat sources
energy, bonds, increases, absorbing, heating
infrared, people, dark, hot
Visible light is used for _____ - _____ communications.
This is where coded _____ of ______ travel through _____ fibres from a _____ to a _______.
Fibre-optic
pulses, light, glass, source, receiver
UV radiation ____ bacteria in _____ to _____ it and make it safe to ______.
Also helps the skin by production of ________ _
Oxygen absorbs UV to become ______ gas.
________ absorbs some UV, which protects ______ on Earth from being exposed to dangerously ____ levels
and its _______ effects
kills, water, sterilise, drink
Vitamin D
Ozone, ozone, organisms, high, harmful
High energy __, _-____ and ________ rays are types of _________ radiation
UV, X-Rays, Gamma, Ionising
Ionising radiation can be _________.
Ionisation causes _______ to be _______ ___ the shells of atoms, turning them into _____. This can lead to ________ in cells which can lead to ________.
Dangerous
Electrons, knocked off, ions, mutations, cancer
UV radiation waves can cause ___ ________.
Skin cancer
Gamma rays can _______ or ____ cells in a person’s body
damage, kill
Exposure to ________ radiation needs to be kept ____, especially those working with them frequently.
For example, a radiographer can stand in ______ ____ or behind a _____ when _______ X-Rays
ionising, low
another room, screen, conducting
Infrared radiation can be used for ______ imaging to produce a ________. This helps doctors ________ patients as areas of the body that emit ____ heat may be _______ or ___________
thermal, thermogram, diagnose, more, infected, injured
X-Rays can produce images of the _______ which helps doctors find _______ to ______.
This is because X-Rays are ______ by ______ material, but _____ through soft tissue. Once passing the body they ______ a ________ film showing the results
skeleton, damage, bones
absorbed, denser, pass, darken, photographic
Gamma rays are emitted from the _______ of atoms.
They have ____ energy so they can kill ______ cells and __________ in food.
nuclei
high, cancer, bacteria
