P1 Structure List - Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

organs of the integumentary system

A

include the skin and its accessory structures including hair, nails, and glands, as well as blood vessels, muscles and nerves.

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2
Q

function of the integumentary system

A
  • Maintains the body’s integrity
  • Maintains temperature
  • Converts inactive vitamin D to its active form
  • Provides sensory information
  • Maintains homeostasis
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3
Q

3 major layers of the skin (cutaneous membrane)

A
  1. epidermis
    • outer layer
    • avascular
    • epitheal tissue
  2. dermis
    • inner layer
    • vascular
  3. subcutaneous (aka hypodermis)
    • areolar & adipose tissue
    • contain nerve endings
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4
Q

epidermis

A

Contains four major types of cells:

  1. Keratinocytes (90%): 4-5 layers
    • produce keratin (tough, protects), and lamellar granules (release water repellant sealant)
  2. Melanocytes
    • produce melanin (pigment that contributes to skin color and absorb UV light)
  3. Intraepidermal macrophages
    • AKA Langerhans cells
    • participate in immune responses by helping immune system recognize invading microbes and destroy them
  4. Tactile epithelial cells
    • AKA Merkel Cells
    • detect touch sensations
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5
Q

stratum corneum

A
  • on average 25-30 layers of flattened, dead keratinocytes
  • constant friction stimulates callus (abnormal thickening of stratum corneum)
  • SHEDDING
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6
Q

stratum lucidum

A
  • ONLY in THICK skin (finger tips, palms, soles)
  • flattened, clear, dead keratinoctyes
  • provides extra toughness

(think transparent)

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7
Q

stratum granulosum

A

contains flattened keratinocytes undergoing apoptosis, contains granules (keratohyalin (stains dark), lamellar granules (produce water resistant sealant)

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8
Q

stratum spinosum

A

8-10 layers of keratinocytes, flatten toward top, intraepidermal macrophages and melanoctyes present here

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9
Q

stratum basale / stratum germinativum

A
  • deepest layer
  • contain single row of cuboidal or columnar keratinocytes,
  • rapidly dividing
  • AKA stratum germinativum (always forming new cells)
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10
Q

dermis

A
  • composed of connective tissue containing collagen and elastic fibers
    • dense irregular connective tissue: containing elastic fibers and collagen
  • It contains two regions
    1. The papillary region lies just below the epidermis
      • contains thin collagen and fine elastic fibers, dermal papillae (increases surface area)
        • All dermal papillae contain capillary loops
        • Meissner corpuscles (sensitive to touch) are found here
    2. The reticular region consists of dense irregular connective tissue
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11
Q

dermal papilae

A
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12
Q

sudoriferous (sweat) glands

A
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13
Q

hair follicle

A
  • below the level of the skin
  • epithelial root sheath

external + internal root sheath

dermal root sheath

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14
Q

hair papila

A
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15
Q

sebaceous gland

A

are connected to hair follicles

another word for oil

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16
Q

arrector pili muscle

A
17
Q

corpuscle of touch / meissner corpuscle

A
18
Q

lamellated corpuscle / pacinian corpuscle

A
19
Q

subcutaneous

A
20
Q

adipose tissue

A
21
Q

blood capillaries

A