P1- Metals

Question 1

Metals

Answer 1

Obtained by the extraction of metal ores
Consist of a lattice of positive metal ions and surrounded by a sea of delocalised electrons which allows all metals to conduct electricity
Have a small number of electrons and lose them in the outer electrons to become stable

Question 2

Metallic bonding

Answer 2

The electrostatic force of attraction between positively charged metal ions and delocalised electrons

Question 3

Reactions that metals can undergo

Answer 3

Metal + oxygen —) metal oxide
Metal + water —) metal hydroxide + hydrogen
Metal + acid —) salt + hydrogen

Question 4

React with dilute acids

Answer 4

Metals above copper
PSLCMAZITL
Potassium sodium lithium calcium magnesium aluminium zinc iron tin lead

Question 5

React with oxygen

Answer 5

Metals above mercury
PSLCMAZITLC
Potassium sodium lithium calcium magnesium aluminium zinc iron tin lead copper

Question 6

React with water

Answer 6

Metals above aluminium
PSLCM
Potassium sodium lithium calcium magnesium

Question 7

Reactivity series

Answer 7

PSLCMAZITLCMSGP
Potassium
Sodium
Lithium
Calcium
Magnesium
Aluminium
Zinc
Iron
Tin
Lead
Copper
Mercury
Silver
Gold
Platinum

Question 8

Filtration

Answer 8

Separate insoluble solid from a liquid

Question 9

Evaporation

Answer 9

Separate soluble solid from a liquid

Question 10

REDOX reaction

Answer 10

Electron lost by one particle (atom/molecule/ion) and gained by another
Involves 2 half reactions - oxidation and reduction

Question 11

Balancing REDOX reactions

Answer 11

Ion electron equations from both reactions must combine, cancelling electrons
Write ion electron equation for oxidation then reduction
Balance the number of electrons gained/lost so they cancel
Add the reactions togehterv

Question 12

Ore

Answer 12

Rock containing a metal or a metal compound

Question 13

Methods to extract metal from ores

Answer 13

Heating the metal ore metal oxide —heat—> metal + oxygen SGP silver gold platinum
Heating the metal ore with carbon metal oxide + carbon —heat—> metal + carbon dioxide ZITLCM zinc iron tin lead copper mercury
Electrolysis decomposition of an ionic compound into its elements using electricity PSLCMA potassium sodium lithium calcium magnesium aluminium

Question 14

Reduction reaction

Answer 14

Oxygen removed Rom metal ore to leave metal

Question 15

Electrochemical cells

Answer 15

Simple cells
2 different metals that are connected by an electrolyte

Question 16

Electrolytes

Answer 16

Electrically conducting solutions containing ions
Complete the circuit
Provide ions which carry charge between the 2 metals in the internal circuit

Question 17

Electricity

Answer 17

Flow of charged particles

Question 18

Size of voltage

Answer 18

The closer the metals are in the reactivity series, the lower the voltage
The further apart the metals are in the reactivity series, the higher the voltage

Question 19

Electron flow direction in electrochemical cells

Answer 19

Electrons travel through wires in the external circuit from the more reactive to the less reactive metal

Question 20

Ion flow direction in electrochemical cells

Answer 20

Travel through electrolyte in the internal circuit

Question 21

The salt/ion bridge

Answer 21

Completes the circuit by allowing ions to flow between the half cells
Usually consist of a piece of filter paper soaked in electrolyte solution which provides internal circuit connection

Question 22

Half cells

Answer 22

Each consist of a metal dipping into a solution of it’s own ions