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Physics > P1 Keywords > Flashcards

P1 Keywords Flashcards

1
Q

Acceleration

A

The rate of change of velocity

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2
Q

Alpha

A

A radioactive emission with low penetrating power, which can be blocked by paper.

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3
Q

Alternating Current (A.C.)

A

An electric current that constantly changes direction.

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4
Q

Ammeter

A

A device which measures current in series and parallel circuits, measured in amperes (A).

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5
Q

Ampere (A)

A

The unit of electric current.

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6
Q

Amplitude

A

The maximum displacement from the mean position in a transverse wave. In sound it is the measure of the loudness of the sound.

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7
Q

Attraction

A

A force, which occurs between two charged objects if they have dissimilar charges, for example ‘positive and negative’ (coming together force

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8
Q

‘background’ radioactivity

A

Some radioactivity occurs naturally from for example space or rocks

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9
Q

Balanced In electricity

A

when there is an equal number of positive and negative charges present on an object.

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10
Q

Balanced

A

When two things for example forces are equal, so they cancel each other out.

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11
Q

Beta

A

A radioactive emission with moderate penetrating power can be blocked by thin sheets of aluminium.

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12
Q

Big Bang

A

The accepted theory of how the Universe began, which states that all matter was created in an explosion from a single point in space at a single time, the matter was thrown outwards and has continued to travel outwards ever since.

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13
Q

Biofuel

A

Energy sources derived from recently living organic matter for example biodiesel is made from vegetable oils and animal fats and can be used in some cars.

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14
Q

Charges

A

These are either positive or negative; they exert forces on one another. If an object is ‘charged’ then it has a set of charges.

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15
Q

Chemical Form of energy

A

things which release energy as a result of a chemical reaction, for example burning of a fuel, respiration of food in the body, or the chemicals in a battery.

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16
Q

CMBR Cosmic microwave background radiation

A

present in the universe and left over from the big bang, used as evidence to support the big bang.

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17
Q

Components

A

A part of an electrical circuit, for example the bulbs or switch or diode.

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18
Q

Conduction

A

When heat energy is moved because the vibrating particles in a solid conductor pass it on, metals are the best conductors.

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19
Q

Conservation

A

Describes the importance of saving or restricting the use of an important resource, such as the non-renewable energy sources.

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20
Q

Convection

A

When heat energy is moved because of the movement of more energetic particles in liquids and gases.

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21
Q

Current

A

Electric current is the flow of electrons or ions

22
Q

Joule

A

Measure of energy

23
Q

Kilo

A

Measure of weight

24
Q

Kinetic

A

A type of energy which involves movement

25
Q

Radiation

A

The emission of energy through the air

26
Q

Sankey diagram

A

Sankey diagrams summarise all the energy transfers taking place in a process. The thicker the line or arrow, the greater the amount of energy involved.

27
Q

Surface area

A

the total area of an outer part or uppermost layer of something.

28
Q

Efficiency

A

Useful energy out

29
Q

U-Value

A

U-values measure the effectiveness of a material as an insulator in buildings.

30
Q

insulator

A

a substance which does not readily allow the passage of heat or sound.

31
Q

kWh

A

The kilowatt-hour (symbolized kWh) is a unit of energy equivalent to one kilowatt (1 kW) of power expended for one hour.

32
Q

Amplitude

A

the maximum extent of a vibration or oscillation, measured from the position of equilibrium.

33
Q

Wavelength

A

The distance from the crest of one wave to the crest of the next wave.

34
Q

Frequency

A

The amount of oscillations per second

35
Q

Law of conservation of energy

A

” Energy cannot be destroyed or created just transferred”

36
Q

Uranium

A

A chemical element that emmits radiation.

37
Q

Nuclear Power

A

Nuclear fission is the splitting of atomic nuclei. Nuclear power stations use the fission of uranium-235 to heat water.

38
Q

Geothermal

A

Geothermal energy is thermal energy generated and stored in the Earth from radioactive decay in the mantle.

39
Q

Hydroelectric

A

the production of electrical power through the use of the gravitational force of falling or flowing water.

40
Q

Transverse wave

A

A transverse wave is a moving wave that consists of oscillations occurring perpendicular (or right angled) to the direction of energy transfer.

41
Q

Longitudinal wave

A

a wave vibrating in the direction of energy.

42
Q

Electromagnetic spectrum

A

Visible light is just one type of electromagnetic radiation. There are many other types of electromagnetic radiation with both longer and shorter wavelengths than visible light.

43
Q

The normal

A

90 degrees perpendicular to the surface of the object the light ray is entering.

44
Q

Refraction

A

change in direction of propagation of any wave as a result of its travelling at different speeds at different points along the wave front.

45
Q

Diffraction

A

the process by which a beam of light or other system of waves is spread out as a result of passing through a narrow aperture or across an edge.

46
Q

Angle of reflection

A

Sound waves and light waves reflect from surfaces. When waves reflect, they obey the law of reflection.

47
Q

The big bang

A

Scientists believe the Universe began in a hot ‘big bang’ about 13,600 million years ago. The Universe continues to expand today.

48
Q

Rec shift

A

When an object moves away from an observer, its light is affected by the Doppler effect

49
Q

galaxy

A

a system of millions or billions of stars, together with gas and dust, held together by gravitational attraction.

50
Q

spectral lines

A

A spectral line is like a fingerprint that can be used to identify the atoms, elements or molecules present in a star, galaxy or cloud of interstellar gas.

51
Q

specific heat capacity

A

the heat required to raise the temperature of the unit mass of a given substance by a given amount (usually one degree).

Physics (6 decks)

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