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Chemistry AQA > P1 Chemical Changes > Flashcards

P1 Chemical Changes Flashcards

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1
Q

What is oxidation in terms of oxygen?

A

the gain of oxygen

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2
Q

What is reduction in terms of oxygen?

A

The loss of oxygen

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3
Q

How would metal oxides be reduced?

A

by removing oxygen

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4
Q

What is the reactivity series in order?

A

K, Na, Li, Ca, Mg, Al, C, Zn, Fe, Sn, Pb, H, Cu, Ag, Au, Pt

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5
Q

What do metals form when they react?

A

Positive ions

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6
Q

What makes a metal more reactive?

A

Whether it looses electrons easily

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7
Q

What are the products of a metal + water?

A

metal hydroxide + hyrdogen

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8
Q

What is the product of metal + oxygen?

A

metal oxide

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9
Q

What is the product of metal + acid?

A

metal salt + hydrogen

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10
Q

What is a displacement reaction?

A

Where a more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal compound - taking its place

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11
Q

How can unreactive metals be found naturally?

A

In their pure form

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12
Q

How are most metals found naturally?

A

as a metal oxide

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13
Q

How can metals less reactive than carbon be extracted?

A

reduction with carbon via heating

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14
Q

How are metals more reactive than carbon extracted?

A

electrolysis

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15
Q

What acronym can be used to remember oxidation and reduction in terms of electrons?

A

OILRIG

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16
Q

What is another name for an alkali?

A

a (soluble) base

17
Q

What neutralises an acid?

A

a base

18
Q

How do we know that a neutralisation reaction creates a neutral substance?

A

H+ and OH- ions react to form H20 which has a pH of 7 so the solution must be neutral.

19
Q

What are the products for acid + metal hydroxide?

A

salt + water

20
Q

What are the products for acid + metal oxide?

A

salt + water

21
Q

what are the products for acid + metal carbonate?

A

salt + water + carbon dioxide

22
Q

How are salts produced?

A

When the hydrogen is replaced by a metal ion

23
Q

What kind of salt does hydrochloric acid produce?

A

chlorides

24
Q

What kind of salt does nitric acid produce?

A

nitrates

25
Q

What kind of salt does sulfuric acid produce?

A

sulfates

26
Q

What happens when substances dissolve in water?

A

they disassociate into individual ions

27
Q

What ions do alkalis contain?

A

OH-

28
Q

What ions do acids contain?

A

H+

29
Q

How can pH be measured?

A

a pH probe or using indicator

30
Q

What are two examples of indicator that can be used to determine pH?

A
  • litmus (red to blue)
  • universal indicator (range of colours)
31
Q

What happens to strong acids in water?

A

They are completely ionised

32
Q

Give an example of a strong and a weak acid.

A

strong = hydrochloric
weak = ethanoic

33
Q

What is the pH another measure of?

A

The concentration of H+ ions in a substance

34
Q

What happens as the pH decreases by 1 unit?

A

The concentration of H+ ions has increased by a factor of 10

35
Q

What does a higher concentration of H+ ions mean for the pH?

A

the pH is lower

Chemistry AQA (11 decks)

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